We have 4 seasons – spring, summer, autumn, winter (all take about 3 months)
SPRING
Begins in the 21th of March – time of Easter.
Nights are shorter and days longer, more sunshine, first flowers and green grass appear, trees come into blossom.
Weather changes a lot and it often rains.
SUMMER
Begins on the 21th of June – time of harvest in the field.
Summer holidays begin for pupils and students, people take their vacation, sky is clear and bright, it´s sunny.
Temperature rises up to 30 degrees and summer storms occur quite often .
AUTUMN
Begins on the 23rd of September – time of harvest in the garden.
School year begins, temperature falls down, trees became bare.
It often rains and sky is often cloudy.
WINTER
Begins on the 21th of December – time of Christmas and New Year celebrations.
People take their winter vacation and go to the mountains to practise winter sports (skiing, ice-skating, built snowman, sledging ...)
Temperature falls down below zero, it snows, there´s hard frost.
Adjectives – Přídavná jména a jejich stupňování
☺ mají jediný tvar – pro všechny rody a obě čísla
☺ stejné jako u stupňování příslovcí, akorát ve třetím tvaru se dává předložka THE
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Weather and seasons of the year
Weather and seasons of the year
Články na hledaný výraz "Seasons of the Year, Weather" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
10, Season of the Year, Weather
We have 4 seasons – spring, summer, autumn, winter (all take about 3 months)
SPRING
Begins in the 21th of March – time of Easter.
Nights are shorter and days longer, more sunshine, first flowers and green grass appear, trees come into blossom.
Weather changes a lot and it often rains.
SUMMER
Begins on the 21th of June – time of harvest in the field.
Summer holidays begin for pupils and students, people take their vacation, sky is clear and bright, it´s sunny.
Temperature rises up to 30 degrees and summer storms occur quite often .
AUTUMN
Begins on the 23rd of September – time of harvest in the garden.
School year begins, temperature falls down, trees became bare.
It often rains and sky is often cloudy.
WINTER
Begins on the 21th of December – time of Christmas and New Year celebrations.
People take their winter vacation and go to the mountains to practise winter sports (skiing, ice-skating, built snowman, sledging ...)
Temperature falls down below zero, it snows, there´s hard frost.
Adjectives – Přídavná jména a jejich stupňování
☺ mají jediný tvar – pro všechny rody a obě čísla
☺ stejné jako u stupňování příslovcí, akorát ve třetím tvaru se dává předložka THE
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Weather and seasons of the year
Weather and seasons of the year
Články na hledaný výraz "Seasons of the Year, Weather" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
SPRING
Begins in the 21th of March – time of Easter.
Nights are shorter and days longer, more sunshine, first flowers and green grass appear, trees come into blossom.
Weather changes a lot and it often rains.
SUMMER
Begins on the 21th of June – time of harvest in the field.
Summer holidays begin for pupils and students, people take their vacation, sky is clear and bright, it´s sunny.
Temperature rises up to 30 degrees and summer storms occur quite often .
AUTUMN
Begins on the 23rd of September – time of harvest in the garden.
School year begins, temperature falls down, trees became bare.
It often rains and sky is often cloudy.
WINTER
Begins on the 21th of December – time of Christmas and New Year celebrations.
People take their winter vacation and go to the mountains to practise winter sports (skiing, ice-skating, built snowman, sledging ...)
Temperature falls down below zero, it snows, there´s hard frost.
Adjectives – Přídavná jména a jejich stupňování
☺ mají jediný tvar – pro všechny rody a obě čísla
☺ stejné jako u stupňování příslovcí, akorát ve třetím tvaru se dává předložka THE
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Weather and seasons of the year
Weather and seasons of the year
Články na hledaný výraz "Seasons of the Year, Weather" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
9, Invitation to the Czech Republic
9, Invitation to the Czech Republic
Many various types of restaurants:
1, luxury restaurants
2, pubs
3, alehouses (pivnice)
4, wine-rooms and wine-cellars
5, tea-rooms, cafés
6, pizzerias
7, cafeterias
8, fast – foods
A typical Czech restaurant: offers pork, cabbage and dumplings with beer; beef sirloine with cream sauce and dumplings, wiener schnitzel with potatoe salad etc.
National restaurants – offer national cuisines, very popular in our days is e.g. Chinese, Italián, Greek, Indian etc.
Fast-foods – McDonald´s – they offer many types of burger e.g. cheesburger, hamburger, chickenburger etc. , KFC, Burger King ….popular especially with zouny people
We can order melas – á lá carte
- according the daily Orfee
- according menu
We begin with warm or cold starter then soap follows (vegetable, chicken, potato, mushroom, cabbage…). Then we can order main course with side-dish and desert plus coffee.
Beverages: 1, non-alcoholic – mineral water, juice, soda…
2, alcoholic – beer, wine, spirits
When we come to a restaurant – a waiter show us our table and takes our orders, then he serves us. At the end we pay our bill including a tip.
Conditional – Podmiňovací způsob
1, PRESENT
should (v 1.osobě) / would (v celém časování) + infinitiv bez „to“
- I should/would go there. You would go there.
should v 2. a 3.osobě = „měl bys“
- You should go there. Měl bys tam jít.
2, PAST
should / would + minulý infinitiv bez „to“
- You would have gone there. = Býval bys tam šel.
- You should have gone there. = Býval bys tam měl jít.
Many various types of restaurants:
1, luxury restaurants
2, pubs
3, alehouses (pivnice)
4, wine-rooms and wine-cellars
5, tea-rooms, cafés
6, pizzerias
7, cafeterias
8, fast – foods
A typical Czech restaurant: offers pork, cabbage and dumplings with beer; beef sirloine with cream sauce and dumplings, wiener schnitzel with potatoe salad etc.
National restaurants – offer national cuisines, very popular in our days is e.g. Chinese, Italián, Greek, Indian etc.
Fast-foods – McDonald´s – they offer many types of burger e.g. cheesburger, hamburger, chickenburger etc. , KFC, Burger King ….popular especially with zouny people
We can order melas – á lá carte
- according the daily Orfee
- according menu
We begin with warm or cold starter then soap follows (vegetable, chicken, potato, mushroom, cabbage…). Then we can order main course with side-dish and desert plus coffee.
Beverages: 1, non-alcoholic – mineral water, juice, soda…
2, alcoholic – beer, wine, spirits
When we come to a restaurant – a waiter show us our table and takes our orders, then he serves us. At the end we pay our bill including a tip.
Conditional – Podmiňovací způsob
1, PRESENT
should (v 1.osobě) / would (v celém časování) + infinitiv bez „to“
- I should/would go there. You would go there.
should v 2. a 3.osobě = „měl bys“
- You should go there. Měl bys tam jít.
2, PAST
should / would + minulý infinitiv bez „to“
- You would have gone there. = Býval bys tam šel.
- You should have gone there. = Býval bys tam měl jít.
9, Invitation to the Czech Republic
9, Invitation to the Czech Republic
Many various types of restaurants:
1, luxury restaurants
2, pubs
3, alehouses (pivnice)
4, wine-rooms and wine-cellars
5, tea-rooms, cafés
6, pizzerias
7, cafeterias
8, fast – foods
A typical Czech restaurant: offers pork, cabbage and dumplings with beer; beef sirloine with cream sauce and dumplings, wiener schnitzel with potatoe salad etc.
National restaurants – offer national cuisines, very popular in our days is e.g. Chinese, Italián, Greek, Indian etc.
Fast-foods – McDonald´s – they offer many types of burger e.g. cheesburger, hamburger, chickenburger etc. , KFC, Burger King ….popular especially with zouny people
We can order melas – á lá carte
- according the daily Orfee
- according menu
We begin with warm or cold starter then soap follows (vegetable, chicken, potato, mushroom, cabbage…). Then we can order main course with side-dish and desert plus coffee.
Beverages: 1, non-alcoholic – mineral water, juice, soda…
2, alcoholic – beer, wine, spirits
When we come to a restaurant – a waiter show us our table and takes our orders, then he serves us. At the end we pay our bill including a tip.
Conditional – Podmiňovací způsob
1, PRESENT
should (v 1.osobě) / would (v celém časování) + infinitiv bez „to“
- I should/would go there. You would go there.
should v 2. a 3.osobě = „měl bys“
- You should go there. Měl bys tam jít.
2, PAST
should / would + minulý infinitiv bez „to“
- You would have gone there. = Býval bys tam šel.
- You should have gone there. = Býval bys tam měl jít.
Many various types of restaurants:
1, luxury restaurants
2, pubs
3, alehouses (pivnice)
4, wine-rooms and wine-cellars
5, tea-rooms, cafés
6, pizzerias
7, cafeterias
8, fast – foods
A typical Czech restaurant: offers pork, cabbage and dumplings with beer; beef sirloine with cream sauce and dumplings, wiener schnitzel with potatoe salad etc.
National restaurants – offer national cuisines, very popular in our days is e.g. Chinese, Italián, Greek, Indian etc.
Fast-foods – McDonald´s – they offer many types of burger e.g. cheesburger, hamburger, chickenburger etc. , KFC, Burger King ….popular especially with zouny people
We can order melas – á lá carte
- according the daily Orfee
- according menu
We begin with warm or cold starter then soap follows (vegetable, chicken, potato, mushroom, cabbage…). Then we can order main course with side-dish and desert plus coffee.
Beverages: 1, non-alcoholic – mineral water, juice, soda…
2, alcoholic – beer, wine, spirits
When we come to a restaurant – a waiter show us our table and takes our orders, then he serves us. At the end we pay our bill including a tip.
Conditional – Podmiňovací způsob
1, PRESENT
should (v 1.osobě) / would (v celém časování) + infinitiv bez „to“
- I should/would go there. You would go there.
should v 2. a 3.osobě = „měl bys“
- You should go there. Měl bys tam jít.
2, PAST
should / would + minulý infinitiv bez „to“
- You would have gone there. = Býval bys tam šel.
- You should have gone there. = Býval bys tam měl jít.
8, Holidays in the Czech Republic
8, Holidays in the Czech Republic
Traditional holidays:
1, Christmas – Christmas Eve is the most important , we decorated tree, fried carp with potato
salad, we gave gifts, baked sweet...
2, Easter – We decorated eggs, Christains celebrate Christ´s death and his return to life
(ressurection)
3, New Year´s Eve – big celebration, drink alcohol...
Holiday during the year which we remember/celebrate:
14th February – St. Valentine´s Day – people in love send each other Valentine cards and
small gifts
5th May – Prague Uprising (povstání)
8th May – the end of World War II. in Europe
2nd Sunday in May – Mother´s Day – children give their mother small gifts or cards
5th July – Jan Hus – a preacher in the Bethlem Capel and o professor of Prague University, he was condemned to death as a heretic and burnt in 1415.
6th July – Apostles of Sloves – Cyril and Methodins – they came to Great Moravia to spread
Christianity, involved Slovanic alphabet
28th October – 1918 – Czechoslovakia came into existence as an independent state
1968 – Cz. became a federation of 2 equal states
17th November – 1939 – anti-naci demonstrations – Czech universities and collages were closed
1989 – Velvet Revolutions
Minulé časy: Prostý, Průběhový a Opakování děje v minulosti
☺ minulý čas vždy vyjadřuje ukončenou minulost
SIMPLE: konstatování minulé skutečnosti (otázka a zápor pomocí DID)
a) –ed (pravidelná slovesa) – I aksed him. Did you ask him?
b) 2 tvar (nepravidelná slovesa) – He bought it. Did he buy it? He didn´t buy it.
CONTINUOUS: was/were + ing – He was playing. They were reading.
a) vyjadřuje děj, který proběhl v určitém okamžiku nebo od-do
Yesterday I was playing tennis from 5 to 6.
b) 2 nebo více dějů probíhalo současně (when, while)
While I was sleeping he was reading a book.
c) 1 děj probíhal, jiný minulý děj do něj zasáhl.
When I was walking in the park I met my friend
OPAKOVANÝ DĚJ V MINULOSTI: used to – I used to go there every week.
Traditional holidays:
1, Christmas – Christmas Eve is the most important , we decorated tree, fried carp with potato
salad, we gave gifts, baked sweet...
2, Easter – We decorated eggs, Christains celebrate Christ´s death and his return to life
(ressurection)
3, New Year´s Eve – big celebration, drink alcohol...
Holiday during the year which we remember/celebrate:
14th February – St. Valentine´s Day – people in love send each other Valentine cards and
small gifts
5th May – Prague Uprising (povstání)
8th May – the end of World War II. in Europe
2nd Sunday in May – Mother´s Day – children give their mother small gifts or cards
5th July – Jan Hus – a preacher in the Bethlem Capel and o professor of Prague University, he was condemned to death as a heretic and burnt in 1415.
6th July – Apostles of Sloves – Cyril and Methodins – they came to Great Moravia to spread
Christianity, involved Slovanic alphabet
28th October – 1918 – Czechoslovakia came into existence as an independent state
1968 – Cz. became a federation of 2 equal states
17th November – 1939 – anti-naci demonstrations – Czech universities and collages were closed
1989 – Velvet Revolutions
Minulé časy: Prostý, Průběhový a Opakování děje v minulosti
☺ minulý čas vždy vyjadřuje ukončenou minulost
SIMPLE: konstatování minulé skutečnosti (otázka a zápor pomocí DID)
a) –ed (pravidelná slovesa) – I aksed him. Did you ask him?
b) 2 tvar (nepravidelná slovesa) – He bought it. Did he buy it? He didn´t buy it.
CONTINUOUS: was/were + ing – He was playing. They were reading.
a) vyjadřuje děj, který proběhl v určitém okamžiku nebo od-do
Yesterday I was playing tennis from 5 to 6.
b) 2 nebo více dějů probíhalo současně (when, while)
While I was sleeping he was reading a book.
c) 1 děj probíhal, jiný minulý děj do něj zasáhl.
When I was walking in the park I met my friend
OPAKOVANÝ DĚJ V MINULOSTI: used to – I used to go there every week.
8, Holidays in the Czech Republic
8, Holidays in the Czech Republic
Traditional holidays:
1, Christmas – Christmas Eve is the most important , we decorated tree, fried carp with potato
salad, we gave gifts, baked sweet...
2, Easter – We decorated eggs, Christains celebrate Christ´s death and his return to life
(ressurection)
3, New Year´s Eve – big celebration, drink alcohol...
Holiday during the year which we remember/celebrate:
14th February – St. Valentine´s Day – people in love send each other Valentine cards and
small gifts
5th May – Prague Uprising (povstání)
8th May – the end of World War II. in Europe
2nd Sunday in May – Mother´s Day – children give their mother small gifts or cards
5th July – Jan Hus – a preacher in the Bethlem Capel and o professor of Prague University, he was condemned to death as a heretic and burnt in 1415.
6th July – Apostles of Sloves – Cyril and Methodins – they came to Great Moravia to spread
Christianity, involved Slovanic alphabet
28th October – 1918 – Czechoslovakia came into existence as an independent state
1968 – Cz. became a federation of 2 equal states
17th November – 1939 – anti-naci demonstrations – Czech universities and collages were closed
1989 – Velvet Revolutions
Minulé časy: Prostý, Průběhový a Opakování děje v minulosti
☺ minulý čas vždy vyjadřuje ukončenou minulost
SIMPLE: konstatování minulé skutečnosti (otázka a zápor pomocí DID)
a) –ed (pravidelná slovesa) – I aksed him. Did you ask him?
b) 2 tvar (nepravidelná slovesa) – He bought it. Did he buy it? He didn´t buy it.
CONTINUOUS: was/were + ing – He was playing. They were reading.
a) vyjadřuje děj, který proběhl v určitém okamžiku nebo od-do
Yesterday I was playing tennis from 5 to 6.
b) 2 nebo více dějů probíhalo současně (when, while)
While I was sleeping he was reading a book.
c) 1 děj probíhal, jiný minulý děj do něj zasáhl.
When I was walking in the park I met my friend
OPAKOVANÝ DĚJ V MINULOSTI: used to – I used to go there every week.
Traditional holidays:
1, Christmas – Christmas Eve is the most important , we decorated tree, fried carp with potato
salad, we gave gifts, baked sweet...
2, Easter – We decorated eggs, Christains celebrate Christ´s death and his return to life
(ressurection)
3, New Year´s Eve – big celebration, drink alcohol...
Holiday during the year which we remember/celebrate:
14th February – St. Valentine´s Day – people in love send each other Valentine cards and
small gifts
5th May – Prague Uprising (povstání)
8th May – the end of World War II. in Europe
2nd Sunday in May – Mother´s Day – children give their mother small gifts or cards
5th July – Jan Hus – a preacher in the Bethlem Capel and o professor of Prague University, he was condemned to death as a heretic and burnt in 1415.
6th July – Apostles of Sloves – Cyril and Methodins – they came to Great Moravia to spread
Christianity, involved Slovanic alphabet
28th October – 1918 – Czechoslovakia came into existence as an independent state
1968 – Cz. became a federation of 2 equal states
17th November – 1939 – anti-naci demonstrations – Czech universities and collages were closed
1989 – Velvet Revolutions
Minulé časy: Prostý, Průběhový a Opakování děje v minulosti
☺ minulý čas vždy vyjadřuje ukončenou minulost
SIMPLE: konstatování minulé skutečnosti (otázka a zápor pomocí DID)
a) –ed (pravidelná slovesa) – I aksed him. Did you ask him?
b) 2 tvar (nepravidelná slovesa) – He bought it. Did he buy it? He didn´t buy it.
CONTINUOUS: was/were + ing – He was playing. They were reading.
a) vyjadřuje děj, který proběhl v určitém okamžiku nebo od-do
Yesterday I was playing tennis from 5 to 6.
b) 2 nebo více dějů probíhalo současně (when, while)
While I was sleeping he was reading a book.
c) 1 děj probíhal, jiný minulý děj do něj zasáhl.
When I was walking in the park I met my friend
OPAKOVANÝ DĚJ V MINULOSTI: used to – I used to go there every week.
7, Prague
7, Prague
The largest and the oldest city in the Czech republic.
The capital city of the Czech republic.
The seat of the President, the Parliament and the Goverment.
About 1,2 million inhabitants.
Skreads on the both banks of the Vltava river.
Prague is divided into a number of discricts.
The oldest part: The Old Town, The Lesser Town, Hradčany, Josefov, Vyšehrad.
Prague is economics and business centre – a lot of banks, offices, institutions...
Prague is centre of education and science – many schools, colleges, libraries etc. (Charles
university – 1348, founded by Charles IV.)
Prague is centre of sports – stadions, swimming pools, sport clubs...
Prague is centre of culture – theatres (the National theatre, the Estate theatre, the Open House,
Small-form theatres), cinemas, concert halls (The House of Artists, The
Smeatana´s halls), music clubs, exhibition halls, galleries, museums (The
National museum, The Technical museum).
Many culture events – e.g. Prague Spring Festival – a lot of artists all over the world,
International TV Festival „Golden Prague“ etc.
Prague is especially rich in sights and monuments – Prague Castle, St. Vitus Cathedral,
Basilique of St. George, Golden Line...
VYŠEHRAD – the first seat of Czech Kings
OLD TOWN SQUARE – the city hall with astronomical clocks (marching apostles),
monument of Jan Hus
CHARLES BRIDGE – founded by Charles IV., decorated with baroque status by Matyáš
Braun and Jan Brokoff
CHURCHES: St. Nicholas Church in the Old Town Square and in the Lesser Town Square
MODERN ARCHITECTURE: Dancing House, Congres Centre
World Order – Pořádek slov ve větě
☺ je pevný a nelze ho měnit – je významotvorný
Oznamovací věta: (PUČ) – podmět – přísudek – předmět – příslovečné určení (Z,M,Č) – (PUČ)
(Every day) I buy coffee in this book shop (every day).
Otázka: pomocné sloveso – Do you buy coffee in this shop every day ?
tázací výraz – Where do you buy coffee every day ?
kladná podmět. otázka – bez pomocného slovesa – Who buys coffee ?
Frekvenční příslovce: ta, která vyjadřují jak často se děj odehrává – always, sometimes, never,
usually, often, seldom (zřídkakdy)
I am always at home. I have never seen it. – za „to be“ pomocné sloveso
I never come late. – před významové sloveso
The largest and the oldest city in the Czech republic.
The capital city of the Czech republic.
The seat of the President, the Parliament and the Goverment.
About 1,2 million inhabitants.
Skreads on the both banks of the Vltava river.
Prague is divided into a number of discricts.
The oldest part: The Old Town, The Lesser Town, Hradčany, Josefov, Vyšehrad.
Prague is economics and business centre – a lot of banks, offices, institutions...
Prague is centre of education and science – many schools, colleges, libraries etc. (Charles
university – 1348, founded by Charles IV.)
Prague is centre of sports – stadions, swimming pools, sport clubs...
Prague is centre of culture – theatres (the National theatre, the Estate theatre, the Open House,
Small-form theatres), cinemas, concert halls (The House of Artists, The
Smeatana´s halls), music clubs, exhibition halls, galleries, museums (The
National museum, The Technical museum).
Many culture events – e.g. Prague Spring Festival – a lot of artists all over the world,
International TV Festival „Golden Prague“ etc.
Prague is especially rich in sights and monuments – Prague Castle, St. Vitus Cathedral,
Basilique of St. George, Golden Line...
VYŠEHRAD – the first seat of Czech Kings
OLD TOWN SQUARE – the city hall with astronomical clocks (marching apostles),
monument of Jan Hus
CHARLES BRIDGE – founded by Charles IV., decorated with baroque status by Matyáš
Braun and Jan Brokoff
CHURCHES: St. Nicholas Church in the Old Town Square and in the Lesser Town Square
MODERN ARCHITECTURE: Dancing House, Congres Centre
World Order – Pořádek slov ve větě
☺ je pevný a nelze ho měnit – je významotvorný
Oznamovací věta: (PUČ) – podmět – přísudek – předmět – příslovečné určení (Z,M,Č) – (PUČ)
(Every day) I buy coffee in this book shop (every day).
Otázka: pomocné sloveso – Do you buy coffee in this shop every day ?
tázací výraz – Where do you buy coffee every day ?
kladná podmět. otázka – bez pomocného slovesa – Who buys coffee ?
Frekvenční příslovce: ta, která vyjadřují jak často se děj odehrává – always, sometimes, never,
usually, often, seldom (zřídkakdy)
I am always at home. I have never seen it. – za „to be“ pomocné sloveso
I never come late. – před významové sloveso
7, Prague
7, Prague
The largest and the oldest city in the Czech republic.
The capital city of the Czech republic.
The seat of the President, the Parliament and the Goverment.
About 1,2 million inhabitants.
Skreads on the both banks of the Vltava river.
Prague is divided into a number of discricts.
The oldest part: The Old Town, The Lesser Town, Hradčany, Josefov, Vyšehrad.
Prague is economics and business centre – a lot of banks, offices, institutions...
Prague is centre of education and science – many schools, colleges, libraries etc. (Charles
university – 1348, founded by Charles IV.)
Prague is centre of sports – stadions, swimming pools, sport clubs...
Prague is centre of culture – theatres (the National theatre, the Estate theatre, the Open House,
Small-form theatres), cinemas, concert halls (The House of Artists, The
Smeatana´s halls), music clubs, exhibition halls, galleries, museums (The
National museum, The Technical museum).
Many culture events – e.g. Prague Spring Festival – a lot of artists all over the world,
International TV Festival „Golden Prague“ etc.
Prague is especially rich in sights and monuments – Prague Castle, St. Vitus Cathedral,
Basilique of St. George, Golden Line...
VYŠEHRAD – the first seat of Czech Kings
OLD TOWN SQUARE – the city hall with astronomical clocks (marching apostles),
monument of Jan Hus
CHARLES BRIDGE – founded by Charles IV., decorated with baroque status by Matyáš
Braun and Jan Brokoff
CHURCHES: St. Nicholas Church in the Old Town Square and in the Lesser Town Square
MODERN ARCHITECTURE: Dancing House, Congres Centre
World Order – Pořádek slov ve větě
☺ je pevný a nelze ho měnit – je významotvorný
Oznamovací věta: (PUČ) – podmět – přísudek – předmět – příslovečné určení (Z,M,Č) – (PUČ)
(Every day) I buy coffee in this book shop (every day).
Otázka: pomocné sloveso – Do you buy coffee in this shop every day ?
tázací výraz – Where do you buy coffee every day ?
kladná podmět. otázka – bez pomocného slovesa – Who buys coffee ?
Frekvenční příslovce: ta, která vyjadřují jak často se děj odehrává – always, sometimes, never,
usually, often, seldom (zřídkakdy)
I am always at home. I have never seen it. – za „to be“ pomocné sloveso
I never come late. – před významové sloveso
The largest and the oldest city in the Czech republic.
The capital city of the Czech republic.
The seat of the President, the Parliament and the Goverment.
About 1,2 million inhabitants.
Skreads on the both banks of the Vltava river.
Prague is divided into a number of discricts.
The oldest part: The Old Town, The Lesser Town, Hradčany, Josefov, Vyšehrad.
Prague is economics and business centre – a lot of banks, offices, institutions...
Prague is centre of education and science – many schools, colleges, libraries etc. (Charles
university – 1348, founded by Charles IV.)
Prague is centre of sports – stadions, swimming pools, sport clubs...
Prague is centre of culture – theatres (the National theatre, the Estate theatre, the Open House,
Small-form theatres), cinemas, concert halls (The House of Artists, The
Smeatana´s halls), music clubs, exhibition halls, galleries, museums (The
National museum, The Technical museum).
Many culture events – e.g. Prague Spring Festival – a lot of artists all over the world,
International TV Festival „Golden Prague“ etc.
Prague is especially rich in sights and monuments – Prague Castle, St. Vitus Cathedral,
Basilique of St. George, Golden Line...
VYŠEHRAD – the first seat of Czech Kings
OLD TOWN SQUARE – the city hall with astronomical clocks (marching apostles),
monument of Jan Hus
CHARLES BRIDGE – founded by Charles IV., decorated with baroque status by Matyáš
Braun and Jan Brokoff
CHURCHES: St. Nicholas Church in the Old Town Square and in the Lesser Town Square
MODERN ARCHITECTURE: Dancing House, Congres Centre
World Order – Pořádek slov ve větě
☺ je pevný a nelze ho měnit – je významotvorný
Oznamovací věta: (PUČ) – podmět – přísudek – předmět – příslovečné určení (Z,M,Č) – (PUČ)
(Every day) I buy coffee in this book shop (every day).
Otázka: pomocné sloveso – Do you buy coffee in this shop every day ?
tázací výraz – Where do you buy coffee every day ?
kladná podmět. otázka – bez pomocného slovesa – Who buys coffee ?
Frekvenční příslovce: ta, která vyjadřují jak často se děj odehrává – always, sometimes, never,
usually, often, seldom (zřídkakdy)
I am always at home. I have never seen it. – za „to be“ pomocné sloveso
I never come late. – před významové sloveso
6, The Czech Republic
6, The Czech Republic
Consists of 3 parts: Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia.
Borders with Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria.
Area: about 800 000 square km
Population: more than 10 millions inhabitants
Capital city: Prague (more than 1 million people)
Other big cities: Brno, Plzeň, Ostrava...
Major nationalities are the Czech and the Moriavians.
Menority groups: the Slovaks, the Poles, the Roms, the Ukrainians, the Russias...
The highest mountain is Sněžka (in the Giant mountains).
Bohemia and Moravia are quite rich in mineral springs – there is lot of spas (Františkovi
Lázně, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně) – many tourists from all over the
world visit them every year.
Political system: republic, the head of the state is President, Parliament (the Senate and the
House of Representatives), head of goverment is Prime Minister.
Main political parties: Civic Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party.
Economy: main part of industry – engineering (cars, tractors, agricultural machines), glass
industry (cut glass as well as china), chemical industry, main products of
agriculture are wheat, fruit, hips (famous Czech beer)
Culture: a long cultural tradition – music (Smetana, Dvořák), literature (J. Seifert – Nobel
Prize Winner), film (Forman, Svěrák – Oscar Winners).
Festivals: Prague Spring, Golden Prague, International Film Festival in Karl´s Bad
Sport: hockey, football, javeline throw, shooting...
A member state of the European Union (we came in in May 2004).
The temperature difference between summers and winters is relatively high (hot summers and
cold, cloudy winters, usually with snow).
Question Tags – Tázací dovětky
☺ je-li výchozí věta kladná, dovětek je záporný a naopak:
1, He´s at home, insn´t he ?
2, He insn´t at home, is he ?
Příklady: He has got much work, hasn´t he ?
They will come, won´t they ?
She must do it, mustn´t she ?
Významové sloveso “to do” – He lives in Prague, doesn´t he ?
They came in time, didn´t they ?
She doesn´t know him, does she ?
I am late, aren´t I ?
Consists of 3 parts: Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia.
Borders with Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria.
Area: about 800 000 square km
Population: more than 10 millions inhabitants
Capital city: Prague (more than 1 million people)
Other big cities: Brno, Plzeň, Ostrava...
Major nationalities are the Czech and the Moriavians.
Menority groups: the Slovaks, the Poles, the Roms, the Ukrainians, the Russias...
The highest mountain is Sněžka (in the Giant mountains).
Bohemia and Moravia are quite rich in mineral springs – there is lot of spas (Františkovi
Lázně, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně) – many tourists from all over the
world visit them every year.
Political system: republic, the head of the state is President, Parliament (the Senate and the
House of Representatives), head of goverment is Prime Minister.
Main political parties: Civic Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party.
Economy: main part of industry – engineering (cars, tractors, agricultural machines), glass
industry (cut glass as well as china), chemical industry, main products of
agriculture are wheat, fruit, hips (famous Czech beer)
Culture: a long cultural tradition – music (Smetana, Dvořák), literature (J. Seifert – Nobel
Prize Winner), film (Forman, Svěrák – Oscar Winners).
Festivals: Prague Spring, Golden Prague, International Film Festival in Karl´s Bad
Sport: hockey, football, javeline throw, shooting...
A member state of the European Union (we came in in May 2004).
The temperature difference between summers and winters is relatively high (hot summers and
cold, cloudy winters, usually with snow).
Question Tags – Tázací dovětky
☺ je-li výchozí věta kladná, dovětek je záporný a naopak:
1, He´s at home, insn´t he ?
2, He insn´t at home, is he ?
Příklady: He has got much work, hasn´t he ?
They will come, won´t they ?
She must do it, mustn´t she ?
Významové sloveso “to do” – He lives in Prague, doesn´t he ?
They came in time, didn´t they ?
She doesn´t know him, does she ?
I am late, aren´t I ?
6, The Czech Republic
6, The Czech Republic
Consists of 3 parts: Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia.
Borders with Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria.
Area: about 800 000 square km
Population: more than 10 millions inhabitants
Capital city: Prague (more than 1 million people)
Other big cities: Brno, Plzeň, Ostrava...
Major nationalities are the Czech and the Moriavians.
Menority groups: the Slovaks, the Poles, the Roms, the Ukrainians, the Russias...
The highest mountain is Sněžka (in the Giant mountains).
Bohemia and Moravia are quite rich in mineral springs – there is lot of spas (Františkovi
Lázně, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně) – many tourists from all over the
world visit them every year.
Political system: republic, the head of the state is President, Parliament (the Senate and the
House of Representatives), head of goverment is Prime Minister.
Main political parties: Civic Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party.
Economy: main part of industry – engineering (cars, tractors, agricultural machines), glass
industry (cut glass as well as china), chemical industry, main products of
agriculture are wheat, fruit, hips (famous Czech beer)
Culture: a long cultural tradition – music (Smetana, Dvořák), literature (J. Seifert – Nobel
Prize Winner), film (Forman, Svěrák – Oscar Winners).
Festivals: Prague Spring, Golden Prague, International Film Festival in Karl´s Bad
Sport: hockey, football, javeline throw, shooting...
A member state of the European Union (we came in in May 2004).
The temperature difference between summers and winters is relatively high (hot summers and
cold, cloudy winters, usually with snow).
Question Tags – Tázací dovětky
☺ je-li výchozí věta kladná, dovětek je záporný a naopak:
1, He´s at home, insn´t he ?
2, He insn´t at home, is he ?
Příklady: He has got much work, hasn´t he ?
They will come, won´t they ?
She must do it, mustn´t she ?
Významové sloveso “to do” – He lives in Prague, doesn´t he ?
They came in time, didn´t they ?
She doesn´t know him, does she ?
I am late, aren´t I ?
Consists of 3 parts: Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia.
Borders with Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria.
Area: about 800 000 square km
Population: more than 10 millions inhabitants
Capital city: Prague (more than 1 million people)
Other big cities: Brno, Plzeň, Ostrava...
Major nationalities are the Czech and the Moriavians.
Menority groups: the Slovaks, the Poles, the Roms, the Ukrainians, the Russias...
The highest mountain is Sněžka (in the Giant mountains).
Bohemia and Moravia are quite rich in mineral springs – there is lot of spas (Františkovi
Lázně, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně) – many tourists from all over the
world visit them every year.
Political system: republic, the head of the state is President, Parliament (the Senate and the
House of Representatives), head of goverment is Prime Minister.
Main political parties: Civic Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party.
Economy: main part of industry – engineering (cars, tractors, agricultural machines), glass
industry (cut glass as well as china), chemical industry, main products of
agriculture are wheat, fruit, hips (famous Czech beer)
Culture: a long cultural tradition – music (Smetana, Dvořák), literature (J. Seifert – Nobel
Prize Winner), film (Forman, Svěrák – Oscar Winners).
Festivals: Prague Spring, Golden Prague, International Film Festival in Karl´s Bad
Sport: hockey, football, javeline throw, shooting...
A member state of the European Union (we came in in May 2004).
The temperature difference between summers and winters is relatively high (hot summers and
cold, cloudy winters, usually with snow).
Question Tags – Tázací dovětky
☺ je-li výchozí věta kladná, dovětek je záporný a naopak:
1, He´s at home, insn´t he ?
2, He insn´t at home, is he ?
Příklady: He has got much work, hasn´t he ?
They will come, won´t they ?
She must do it, mustn´t she ?
Významové sloveso “to do” – He lives in Prague, doesn´t he ?
They came in time, didn´t they ?
She doesn´t know him, does she ?
I am late, aren´t I ?
5, Holidays and Travelling
Holidays
Time when we need not to go to school or work.
People have various ideas about their holidays – to go to the seaside, swim and sunbathe, to visit foreign countries and go sightseeing, to go to the cottage and work in the garden, to stay at home and simply relax, to practise sports and hobbies …
Usually conected with summer – pupils and students have 2 month holidays.
But also during school year – Christmas, winter and spring holidays – people usually go to the mountains and practise winter sports – down-hill and cross-country skiing, sledging, snowboarding, skating…
Means of transport:
1, bus – quite chlap but not very comfortable, especially for long distances
2, train – more comfortable but more expensive
3, plane – the fastest and the most comfortable way of travelling
4, car – has many adventiges: you can direct your journey – to stop when and where you
want, to have a rest where you need
Accomodation
A lot of various types: hotels, motels, botels, caravans, tents, boarding houses, cottage, bungallows, private accomodation.
Travel documents
When you travel abroad: passport, valid visa (if it necessary), vaccination card – especially for ecotic countries, international driving licence, travel insurance
Journey, trips
1, private
2, organized by a travel agency – it arranges for you everything
Future – Budoucí čas
1, SIMPLE
☺ konstatuje budoucí čas
☺ „shall“ v 1.osobě a „will“ v celém časování – infinitiv bez „to“
I shall/will do it. – You will do it.
☺ „shall“ v 2.a 3.osobě = máš
You shall do it. – Máš to udělat.
☺ „will“ v 2.osobě v otázce = zdvořilá žádost
Will you bring the book? – Přines prosím tu knihu.
2, CONTINUOUS
☺ děj bude probíhat od-do nebo po nějakou dobu nebo v určitý okamžik
☺ shall/will be + ing
I will be watching TV all evening.
3, OPISNÉ VAZBY
a) „going to“ – úmysl – I am gong to buy a new car.
- děj určitě nastane – It is going to rain.
b) přítomný čas průběhový – blízká budoucnost – He is leaving tonight.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Holidays - You can spent holidays in many ways.
Travelling, going on holiday, transport
Články na hledaný výraz "Travelling, holidays" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Time when we need not to go to school or work.
People have various ideas about their holidays – to go to the seaside, swim and sunbathe, to visit foreign countries and go sightseeing, to go to the cottage and work in the garden, to stay at home and simply relax, to practise sports and hobbies …
Usually conected with summer – pupils and students have 2 month holidays.
But also during school year – Christmas, winter and spring holidays – people usually go to the mountains and practise winter sports – down-hill and cross-country skiing, sledging, snowboarding, skating…
Means of transport:
1, bus – quite chlap but not very comfortable, especially for long distances
2, train – more comfortable but more expensive
3, plane – the fastest and the most comfortable way of travelling
4, car – has many adventiges: you can direct your journey – to stop when and where you
want, to have a rest where you need
Accomodation
A lot of various types: hotels, motels, botels, caravans, tents, boarding houses, cottage, bungallows, private accomodation.
Travel documents
When you travel abroad: passport, valid visa (if it necessary), vaccination card – especially for ecotic countries, international driving licence, travel insurance
Journey, trips
1, private
2, organized by a travel agency – it arranges for you everything
Future – Budoucí čas
1, SIMPLE
☺ konstatuje budoucí čas
☺ „shall“ v 1.osobě a „will“ v celém časování – infinitiv bez „to“
I shall/will do it. – You will do it.
☺ „shall“ v 2.a 3.osobě = máš
You shall do it. – Máš to udělat.
☺ „will“ v 2.osobě v otázce = zdvořilá žádost
Will you bring the book? – Přines prosím tu knihu.
2, CONTINUOUS
☺ děj bude probíhat od-do nebo po nějakou dobu nebo v určitý okamžik
☺ shall/will be + ing
I will be watching TV all evening.
3, OPISNÉ VAZBY
a) „going to“ – úmysl – I am gong to buy a new car.
- děj určitě nastane – It is going to rain.
b) přítomný čas průběhový – blízká budoucnost – He is leaving tonight.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Holidays - You can spent holidays in many ways.
Travelling, going on holiday, transport
Články na hledaný výraz "Travelling, holidays" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
5, Holidays and Travelling
Holidays
Time when we need not to go to school or work.
People have various ideas about their holidays – to go to the seaside, swim and sunbathe, to visit foreign countries and go sightseeing, to go to the cottage and work in the garden, to stay at home and simply relax, to practise sports and hobbies …
Usually conected with summer – pupils and students have 2 month holidays.
But also during school year – Christmas, winter and spring holidays – people usually go to the mountains and practise winter sports – down-hill and cross-country skiing, sledging, snowboarding, skating…
Means of transport:
1, bus – quite chlap but not very comfortable, especially for long distances
2, train – more comfortable but more expensive
3, plane – the fastest and the most comfortable way of travelling
4, car – has many adventiges: you can direct your journey – to stop when and where you
want, to have a rest where you need
Accomodation
A lot of various types: hotels, motels, botels, caravans, tents, boarding houses, cottage, bungallows, private accomodation.
Travel documents
When you travel abroad: passport, valid visa (if it necessary), vaccination card – especially for ecotic countries, international driving licence, travel insurance
Journey, trips
1, private
2, organized by a travel agency – it arranges for you everything
Future – Budoucí čas
1, SIMPLE
☺ konstatuje budoucí čas
☺ „shall“ v 1.osobě a „will“ v celém časování – infinitiv bez „to“
I shall/will do it. – You will do it.
☺ „shall“ v 2.a 3.osobě = máš
You shall do it. – Máš to udělat.
☺ „will“ v 2.osobě v otázce = zdvořilá žádost
Will you bring the book? – Přines prosím tu knihu.
2, CONTINUOUS
☺ děj bude probíhat od-do nebo po nějakou dobu nebo v určitý okamžik
☺ shall/will be + ing
I will be watching TV all evening.
3, OPISNÉ VAZBY
a) „going to“ – úmysl – I am gong to buy a new car.
- děj určitě nastane – It is going to rain.
b) přítomný čas průběhový – blízká budoucnost – He is leaving tonight.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Holidays - You can spent holidays in many ways.
Travelling, going on holiday, transport
Články na hledaný výraz "Travelling, holidays" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Time when we need not to go to school or work.
People have various ideas about their holidays – to go to the seaside, swim and sunbathe, to visit foreign countries and go sightseeing, to go to the cottage and work in the garden, to stay at home and simply relax, to practise sports and hobbies …
Usually conected with summer – pupils and students have 2 month holidays.
But also during school year – Christmas, winter and spring holidays – people usually go to the mountains and practise winter sports – down-hill and cross-country skiing, sledging, snowboarding, skating…
Means of transport:
1, bus – quite chlap but not very comfortable, especially for long distances
2, train – more comfortable but more expensive
3, plane – the fastest and the most comfortable way of travelling
4, car – has many adventiges: you can direct your journey – to stop when and where you
want, to have a rest where you need
Accomodation
A lot of various types: hotels, motels, botels, caravans, tents, boarding houses, cottage, bungallows, private accomodation.
Travel documents
When you travel abroad: passport, valid visa (if it necessary), vaccination card – especially for ecotic countries, international driving licence, travel insurance
Journey, trips
1, private
2, organized by a travel agency – it arranges for you everything
Future – Budoucí čas
1, SIMPLE
☺ konstatuje budoucí čas
☺ „shall“ v 1.osobě a „will“ v celém časování – infinitiv bez „to“
I shall/will do it. – You will do it.
☺ „shall“ v 2.a 3.osobě = máš
You shall do it. – Máš to udělat.
☺ „will“ v 2.osobě v otázce = zdvořilá žádost
Will you bring the book? – Přines prosím tu knihu.
2, CONTINUOUS
☺ děj bude probíhat od-do nebo po nějakou dobu nebo v určitý okamžik
☺ shall/will be + ing
I will be watching TV all evening.
3, OPISNÉ VAZBY
a) „going to“ – úmysl – I am gong to buy a new car.
- děj určitě nastane – It is going to rain.
b) přítomný čas průběhový – blízká budoucnost – He is leaving tonight.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Holidays - You can spent holidays in many ways.
Travelling, going on holiday, transport
Články na hledaný výraz "Travelling, holidays" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
4, Shopping
For most women it´s an everyday duty – have to buy necessary food.
Usually once a week they do bigger purchase for the weekend.
From time it´s necessary to buy other things – e.g. clothes, shoes, household, equipment, books etc.
Men usually hate doing shopping but women like it very much.
I like to buy clothes and cosmetics very much.
Types of shops:
a) small specialized shops with more familiar atmosphere (food grocer´s, green grocers´s, butcher´s, baker´s, dairy, compectionary, tobaconist´t, florist´s, chemist´s, toyshop, bookshop…).
b) department stores and supermarkets - there you can buy almost everything – from food to furniture
☺ usually operate on the „serve – yourself“ system – you go in, take a basket or trolley, walk round the shop and chaose what you want
☺ at the exit there´s a cashdesk where you pay for all goods together – in cash or with credit card
c) open air markets – especially with fruits and vegetable
d) stalls in the streets and squares – they sell fast food, souvenirs, flowers, cigarettes and newspaper etc.
e) second-hand shop – with used foods, mainly clothes and books
f) highly specialized shop – e.g. jewelery, electrical, appliences, various, boutiques, sportwear etc.
Vyjádření záporu
☺ v anglické větě smí být pouze jeden zápor !
☺ a) jmenný zápor (=záporné zájmeno nebo příslovce) – I met nobody there.
☺ b) slovesný zápor (=zápor „not“ u slovesa) – I didn´t meet anybody.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Shopping
SHOPPING
Články na hledaný výraz "Shopping" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Usually once a week they do bigger purchase for the weekend.
From time it´s necessary to buy other things – e.g. clothes, shoes, household, equipment, books etc.
Men usually hate doing shopping but women like it very much.
I like to buy clothes and cosmetics very much.
Types of shops:
a) small specialized shops with more familiar atmosphere (food grocer´s, green grocers´s, butcher´s, baker´s, dairy, compectionary, tobaconist´t, florist´s, chemist´s, toyshop, bookshop…).
b) department stores and supermarkets - there you can buy almost everything – from food to furniture
☺ usually operate on the „serve – yourself“ system – you go in, take a basket or trolley, walk round the shop and chaose what you want
☺ at the exit there´s a cashdesk where you pay for all goods together – in cash or with credit card
c) open air markets – especially with fruits and vegetable
d) stalls in the streets and squares – they sell fast food, souvenirs, flowers, cigarettes and newspaper etc.
e) second-hand shop – with used foods, mainly clothes and books
f) highly specialized shop – e.g. jewelery, electrical, appliences, various, boutiques, sportwear etc.
Vyjádření záporu
☺ v anglické větě smí být pouze jeden zápor !
☺ a) jmenný zápor (=záporné zájmeno nebo příslovce) – I met nobody there.
☺ b) slovesný zápor (=zápor „not“ u slovesa) – I didn´t meet anybody.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Shopping
SHOPPING
Články na hledaný výraz "Shopping" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
4, Shopping
For most women it´s an everyday duty – have to buy necessary food.
Usually once a week they do bigger purchase for the weekend.
From time it´s necessary to buy other things – e.g. clothes, shoes, household, equipment, books etc.
Men usually hate doing shopping but women like it very much.
I like to buy clothes and cosmetics very much.
Types of shops:
a) small specialized shops with more familiar atmosphere (food grocer´s, green grocers´s, butcher´s, baker´s, dairy, compectionary, tobaconist´t, florist´s, chemist´s, toyshop, bookshop…).
b) department stores and supermarkets - there you can buy almost everything – from food to furniture
☺ usually operate on the „serve – yourself“ system – you go in, take a basket or trolley, walk round the shop and chaose what you want
☺ at the exit there´s a cashdesk where you pay for all goods together – in cash or with credit card
c) open air markets – especially with fruits and vegetable
d) stalls in the streets and squares – they sell fast food, souvenirs, flowers, cigarettes and newspaper etc.
e) second-hand shop – with used foods, mainly clothes and books
f) highly specialized shop – e.g. jewelery, electrical, appliences, various, boutiques, sportwear etc.
Vyjádření záporu
☺ v anglické větě smí být pouze jeden zápor !
☺ a) jmenný zápor (=záporné zájmeno nebo příslovce) – I met nobody there.
☺ b) slovesný zápor (=zápor „not“ u slovesa) – I didn´t meet anybody.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Shopping
SHOPPING
Články na hledaný výraz "Shopping" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Usually once a week they do bigger purchase for the weekend.
From time it´s necessary to buy other things – e.g. clothes, shoes, household, equipment, books etc.
Men usually hate doing shopping but women like it very much.
I like to buy clothes and cosmetics very much.
Types of shops:
a) small specialized shops with more familiar atmosphere (food grocer´s, green grocers´s, butcher´s, baker´s, dairy, compectionary, tobaconist´t, florist´s, chemist´s, toyshop, bookshop…).
b) department stores and supermarkets - there you can buy almost everything – from food to furniture
☺ usually operate on the „serve – yourself“ system – you go in, take a basket or trolley, walk round the shop and chaose what you want
☺ at the exit there´s a cashdesk where you pay for all goods together – in cash or with credit card
c) open air markets – especially with fruits and vegetable
d) stalls in the streets and squares – they sell fast food, souvenirs, flowers, cigarettes and newspaper etc.
e) second-hand shop – with used foods, mainly clothes and books
f) highly specialized shop – e.g. jewelery, electrical, appliences, various, boutiques, sportwear etc.
Vyjádření záporu
☺ v anglické větě smí být pouze jeden zápor !
☺ a) jmenný zápor (=záporné zájmeno nebo příslovce) – I met nobody there.
☺ b) slovesný zápor (=zápor „not“ u slovesa) – I didn´t meet anybody.
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Shopping
SHOPPING
Články na hledaný výraz "Shopping" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
3, My daily Programme, my Hobbies
On working days
I get up at 6 o´clock and I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have breakfast – mostly it´s something sweet like cookies or cornflakes.
After I go to school by bus and underground. My journey to school takes 40 minutes.
The lesson starts at 8 o´clock and finish every day otherwise. Our subjects are for example ekonomy, czech language and international business.
I have lunch at the school canteen and then I go home or somewhere with my friends.
In the afternoon I help my mum at home, walk with my dog and sometimes I study for the next day. On Monday and Wednesday I have training – I do fitbox.
In the evening I have dinner, watch TV, play on computer or read.
I go to bed at 10 o´clock.
At the weekend
I get up at 11 o´clock and again I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have large breakfast – bread with cheese and ham and something sweet.
After I do something on computer and then we have good family lunch.
At the weekend I have more time for hobbies and my friends. My hobbies are sport – especially tennis, squash and bowling, reading novel and short stories, going to the cinema and so on.
On saturday I go to the pub or disko with my friends. We chatting, drinking and enojing it.
Sometimes I spend my weekend at the cottage in Orlík with my family and grandma. We go to the woods, pick up mushrooms and the we cook.
Sometimes in winter I spend my weekend in the mountains and I skiing and sledge.
Tvoření otázek, otázky přímé a nepřímé, podmětné otázky
☺ pomocí slovesa „to be“ nebo pomocí modálního slovesa – změna slovosledu
He´s at home. – Is he at home ?
They will come late. – Will they come late ?
He must do it. – Must he do it ?
☺ významové sloveso – přidáním pomocného slovesa „to do“ v příslušném tvaru
☺ přímé otázky: He goes to school. – Does he go to school ?
They come late. – Did they come late ?
☺ nepřímé otázky: He asked where I lived. (slovosled oznamovací věty)
☺ podmětné otázky: tvoří se bez pomocného slovesa – Who lives there ?
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
MY DAILY PROGRAMME
My daily program
Články na hledaný výraz "My Daily Programme" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně
I get up at 6 o´clock and I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have breakfast – mostly it´s something sweet like cookies or cornflakes.
After I go to school by bus and underground. My journey to school takes 40 minutes.
The lesson starts at 8 o´clock and finish every day otherwise. Our subjects are for example ekonomy, czech language and international business.
I have lunch at the school canteen and then I go home or somewhere with my friends.
In the afternoon I help my mum at home, walk with my dog and sometimes I study for the next day. On Monday and Wednesday I have training – I do fitbox.
In the evening I have dinner, watch TV, play on computer or read.
I go to bed at 10 o´clock.
At the weekend
I get up at 11 o´clock and again I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have large breakfast – bread with cheese and ham and something sweet.
After I do something on computer and then we have good family lunch.
At the weekend I have more time for hobbies and my friends. My hobbies are sport – especially tennis, squash and bowling, reading novel and short stories, going to the cinema and so on.
On saturday I go to the pub or disko with my friends. We chatting, drinking and enojing it.
Sometimes I spend my weekend at the cottage in Orlík with my family and grandma. We go to the woods, pick up mushrooms and the we cook.
Sometimes in winter I spend my weekend in the mountains and I skiing and sledge.
Tvoření otázek, otázky přímé a nepřímé, podmětné otázky
☺ pomocí slovesa „to be“ nebo pomocí modálního slovesa – změna slovosledu
He´s at home. – Is he at home ?
They will come late. – Will they come late ?
He must do it. – Must he do it ?
☺ významové sloveso – přidáním pomocného slovesa „to do“ v příslušném tvaru
☺ přímé otázky: He goes to school. – Does he go to school ?
They come late. – Did they come late ?
☺ nepřímé otázky: He asked where I lived. (slovosled oznamovací věty)
☺ podmětné otázky: tvoří se bez pomocného slovesa – Who lives there ?
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
MY DAILY PROGRAMME
My daily program
Články na hledaný výraz "My Daily Programme" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně
3, My daily Programme, my Hobbies
On working days
I get up at 6 o´clock and I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have breakfast – mostly it´s something sweet like cookies or cornflakes.
After I go to school by bus and underground. My journey to school takes 40 minutes.
The lesson starts at 8 o´clock and finish every day otherwise. Our subjects are for example ekonomy, czech language and international business.
I have lunch at the school canteen and then I go home or somewhere with my friends.
In the afternoon I help my mum at home, walk with my dog and sometimes I study for the next day. On Monday and Wednesday I have training – I do fitbox.
In the evening I have dinner, watch TV, play on computer or read.
I go to bed at 10 o´clock.
At the weekend
I get up at 11 o´clock and again I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have large breakfast – bread with cheese and ham and something sweet.
After I do something on computer and then we have good family lunch.
At the weekend I have more time for hobbies and my friends. My hobbies are sport – especially tennis, squash and bowling, reading novel and short stories, going to the cinema and so on.
On saturday I go to the pub or disko with my friends. We chatting, drinking and enojing it.
Sometimes I spend my weekend at the cottage in Orlík with my family and grandma. We go to the woods, pick up mushrooms and the we cook.
Sometimes in winter I spend my weekend in the mountains and I skiing and sledge.
Tvoření otázek, otázky přímé a nepřímé, podmětné otázky
☺ pomocí slovesa „to be“ nebo pomocí modálního slovesa – změna slovosledu
He´s at home. – Is he at home ?
They will come late. – Will they come late ?
He must do it. – Must he do it ?
☺ významové sloveso – přidáním pomocného slovesa „to do“ v příslušném tvaru
☺ přímé otázky: He goes to school. – Does he go to school ?
They come late. – Did they come late ?
☺ nepřímé otázky: He asked where I lived. (slovosled oznamovací věty)
☺ podmětné otázky: tvoří se bez pomocného slovesa – Who lives there ?
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
MY DAILY PROGRAMME
My daily program
Články na hledaný výraz "My Daily Programme" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně
I get up at 6 o´clock and I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have breakfast – mostly it´s something sweet like cookies or cornflakes.
After I go to school by bus and underground. My journey to school takes 40 minutes.
The lesson starts at 8 o´clock and finish every day otherwise. Our subjects are for example ekonomy, czech language and international business.
I have lunch at the school canteen and then I go home or somewhere with my friends.
In the afternoon I help my mum at home, walk with my dog and sometimes I study for the next day. On Monday and Wednesday I have training – I do fitbox.
In the evening I have dinner, watch TV, play on computer or read.
I go to bed at 10 o´clock.
At the weekend
I get up at 11 o´clock and again I do my morning hygiene – I clean my teeth, have a shower, do hair and make-up my face.
Then I have large breakfast – bread with cheese and ham and something sweet.
After I do something on computer and then we have good family lunch.
At the weekend I have more time for hobbies and my friends. My hobbies are sport – especially tennis, squash and bowling, reading novel and short stories, going to the cinema and so on.
On saturday I go to the pub or disko with my friends. We chatting, drinking and enojing it.
Sometimes I spend my weekend at the cottage in Orlík with my family and grandma. We go to the woods, pick up mushrooms and the we cook.
Sometimes in winter I spend my weekend in the mountains and I skiing and sledge.
Tvoření otázek, otázky přímé a nepřímé, podmětné otázky
☺ pomocí slovesa „to be“ nebo pomocí modálního slovesa – změna slovosledu
He´s at home. – Is he at home ?
They will come late. – Will they come late ?
He must do it. – Must he do it ?
☺ významové sloveso – přidáním pomocného slovesa „to do“ v příslušném tvaru
☺ přímé otázky: He goes to school. – Does he go to school ?
They come late. – Did they come late ?
☺ nepřímé otázky: He asked where I lived. (slovosled oznamovací věty)
☺ podmětné otázky: tvoří se bez pomocného slovesa – Who lives there ?
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
MY DAILY PROGRAMME
My daily program
Články na hledaný výraz "My Daily Programme" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně
2, My Plans for future
PERSONAL
☺ to find a good partner for life
☺ to have family, children
☺ to build a house with garden
☺ to travel as much as possible
☺ to have enough time for friends and hobbies
My opinion is that the most important for my future is have a loving family with 2 or 3 children.
I want to have a nice house with big garde nand swimming pool for my children.
Very important for me is have a good work and be successful in my field.
I want to travel as much as possible too because I love getting to know new culture and place. Every country has something groove what be worth to see it.
And of course I want to have a good friends in my future because without friends it won´t do.
PROFESSIONAL
☺ the first and the most important –to pass school-leaving exams
☺ to continue studies at the university
☺ to find a good and well-paid job
☺ to improve language knowledge, to knot more foreign language because now it´s very important
☺ to become skilled and sucessful at work
Modal Verbs
☺ v každé osobě stejný tvar
Sloveso Přítomný čas Opisný infinitiv Přít. čas Min. čas Bud. čas
CAN (moci) I cannot, can´t to be able to I am (not) able to I was able to I will be able to
MUST(muset) I need not, needn´t to have to I have to (I don´t have to) I had to I will have to
MAY (smět) I must not, mustn´t to be allowed to I am (not) allowed to I was allowed to I will be allowed to
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Future plans and career choices 1.
Future plans and career choices 2.
Články na hledaný výraz "Studies, Job, My Future Career" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
☺ to find a good partner for life
☺ to have family, children
☺ to build a house with garden
☺ to travel as much as possible
☺ to have enough time for friends and hobbies
My opinion is that the most important for my future is have a loving family with 2 or 3 children.
I want to have a nice house with big garde nand swimming pool for my children.
Very important for me is have a good work and be successful in my field.
I want to travel as much as possible too because I love getting to know new culture and place. Every country has something groove what be worth to see it.
And of course I want to have a good friends in my future because without friends it won´t do.
PROFESSIONAL
☺ the first and the most important –to pass school-leaving exams
☺ to continue studies at the university
☺ to find a good and well-paid job
☺ to improve language knowledge, to knot more foreign language because now it´s very important
☺ to become skilled and sucessful at work
Modal Verbs
☺ v každé osobě stejný tvar
Sloveso Přítomný čas Opisný infinitiv Přít. čas Min. čas Bud. čas
CAN (moci) I cannot, can´t to be able to I am (not) able to I was able to I will be able to
MUST(muset) I need not, needn´t to have to I have to (I don´t have to) I had to I will have to
MAY (smět) I must not, mustn´t to be allowed to I am (not) allowed to I was allowed to I will be allowed to
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Future plans and career choices 1.
Future plans and career choices 2.
Články na hledaný výraz "Studies, Job, My Future Career" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
2, My Plans for future
PERSONAL
☺ to find a good partner for life
☺ to have family, children
☺ to build a house with garden
☺ to travel as much as possible
☺ to have enough time for friends and hobbies
My opinion is that the most important for my future is have a loving family with 2 or 3 children.
I want to have a nice house with big garde nand swimming pool for my children.
Very important for me is have a good work and be successful in my field.
I want to travel as much as possible too because I love getting to know new culture and place. Every country has something groove what be worth to see it.
And of course I want to have a good friends in my future because without friends it won´t do.
PROFESSIONAL
☺ the first and the most important –to pass school-leaving exams
☺ to continue studies at the university
☺ to find a good and well-paid job
☺ to improve language knowledge, to knot more foreign language because now it´s very important
☺ to become skilled and sucessful at work
Modal Verbs
☺ v každé osobě stejný tvar
Sloveso Přítomný čas Opisný infinitiv Přít. čas Min. čas Bud. čas
CAN (moci) I cannot, can´t to be able to I am (not) able to I was able to I will be able to
MUST(muset) I need not, needn´t to have to I have to (I don´t have to) I had to I will have to
MAY (smět) I must not, mustn´t to be allowed to I am (not) allowed to I was allowed to I will be allowed to
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Future plans and career choices 1.
Future plans and career choices 2.
Články na hledaný výraz "Studies, Job, My Future Career" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
☺ to find a good partner for life
☺ to have family, children
☺ to build a house with garden
☺ to travel as much as possible
☺ to have enough time for friends and hobbies
My opinion is that the most important for my future is have a loving family with 2 or 3 children.
I want to have a nice house with big garde nand swimming pool for my children.
Very important for me is have a good work and be successful in my field.
I want to travel as much as possible too because I love getting to know new culture and place. Every country has something groove what be worth to see it.
And of course I want to have a good friends in my future because without friends it won´t do.
PROFESSIONAL
☺ the first and the most important –to pass school-leaving exams
☺ to continue studies at the university
☺ to find a good and well-paid job
☺ to improve language knowledge, to knot more foreign language because now it´s very important
☺ to become skilled and sucessful at work
Modal Verbs
☺ v každé osobě stejný tvar
Sloveso Přítomný čas Opisný infinitiv Přít. čas Min. čas Bud. čas
CAN (moci) I cannot, can´t to be able to I am (not) able to I was able to I will be able to
MUST(muset) I need not, needn´t to have to I have to (I don´t have to) I had to I will have to
MAY (smět) I must not, mustn´t to be allowed to I am (not) allowed to I was allowed to I will be allowed to
Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Future plans and career choices 1.
Future plans and career choices 2.
Články na hledaný výraz "Studies, Job, My Future Career" naleznete na bezuceni.cz
1, My CV, Family, Friends, Pets
1, My CV, Family, Friends, Pets
My name is Simona Valentová.
I was born on the 18th of December 1989 in Prague.
I study at the business academy and now I try to pass my schoul-leaving exams.
After I want to continue my studies at the economic university.
My mother´s name is Jana Valentová. She´s 44 years old and she works as a nanny because she loves babies. Her hobbies are sport and reading.
My father´s name is Roman Valenta. He´s 45 years old and he works as a businessman – he collects stamps. His hobbies are his job, tennis and friends.
I have one sister called Martina. She studied at this school too and now she studies at university. She´s 20 years old and she lives with her boyfriend.
I have two grandma called Eva and Marcela and they are pensioner. Unfortunately I don´t have any grandpa.
My mum´s has one sister – my aunt Marcela. And that´t all because my father is the only child.
I live with my parents in a family house. We have got big garden with swimming pool and many flower and trees. That´s great in summer. I love it. We have many rooms there and I have my own room.
We have got a cottage in Orlík. I go there for holiday with my grandma. We often go to the forest and pick up mushrooms and then we cook many foods. I spent childhood there and it was the best times for me.
We have got great neighbours too – they are our close friends. We celebrate birthday with them.
We have got three pets too: dog – yorkshire terrier called Kenny. He´s 6 years old and I very
like go to walk with him and I very love him.
parrot – called Honzík – he´s 12 years old but he can´t speak.
and rat called Beanny.
I have got a lot of friends and I really love them. We meet at discos or pubs. We go together to the cinema, clubs and trips. I really enjoy it with them.
Přítomný čas – rozdíl mezi použitím prostého a průběhového času
1, simple – konstatování skutečnosti, opakovaný děj; 3 os.č.j. – S
☺ otázka a zápor – pomocné sloveso „do“ („does“)
He goes to school everyday.
Does h ego to school everyday ?
He doesn´t go to school everyday.
2, continuous – děj probíhá v tomto okamžiku – I am watching TV now.
- blízká budoucnost – He´s leasing tonight.
☺ „to be“ v příslušném tvaru + ingové příčestí
Otázka: změna slovosledu – Are you watching TV now ?
Zápor „not“: They are not watching TV now.
My name is Simona Valentová.
I was born on the 18th of December 1989 in Prague.
I study at the business academy and now I try to pass my schoul-leaving exams.
After I want to continue my studies at the economic university.
My mother´s name is Jana Valentová. She´s 44 years old and she works as a nanny because she loves babies. Her hobbies are sport and reading.
My father´s name is Roman Valenta. He´s 45 years old and he works as a businessman – he collects stamps. His hobbies are his job, tennis and friends.
I have one sister called Martina. She studied at this school too and now she studies at university. She´s 20 years old and she lives with her boyfriend.
I have two grandma called Eva and Marcela and they are pensioner. Unfortunately I don´t have any grandpa.
My mum´s has one sister – my aunt Marcela. And that´t all because my father is the only child.
I live with my parents in a family house. We have got big garden with swimming pool and many flower and trees. That´s great in summer. I love it. We have many rooms there and I have my own room.
We have got a cottage in Orlík. I go there for holiday with my grandma. We often go to the forest and pick up mushrooms and then we cook many foods. I spent childhood there and it was the best times for me.
We have got great neighbours too – they are our close friends. We celebrate birthday with them.
We have got three pets too: dog – yorkshire terrier called Kenny. He´s 6 years old and I very
like go to walk with him and I very love him.
parrot – called Honzík – he´s 12 years old but he can´t speak.
and rat called Beanny.
I have got a lot of friends and I really love them. We meet at discos or pubs. We go together to the cinema, clubs and trips. I really enjoy it with them.
Přítomný čas – rozdíl mezi použitím prostého a průběhového času
1, simple – konstatování skutečnosti, opakovaný děj; 3 os.č.j. – S
☺ otázka a zápor – pomocné sloveso „do“ („does“)
He goes to school everyday.
Does h ego to school everyday ?
He doesn´t go to school everyday.
2, continuous – děj probíhá v tomto okamžiku – I am watching TV now.
- blízká budoucnost – He´s leasing tonight.
☺ „to be“ v příslušném tvaru + ingové příčestí
Otázka: změna slovosledu – Are you watching TV now ?
Zápor „not“: They are not watching TV now.
1, My CV, Family, Friends, Pets
1, My CV, Family, Friends, Pets
My name is Simona Valentová.
I was born on the 18th of December 1989 in Prague.
I study at the business academy and now I try to pass my schoul-leaving exams.
After I want to continue my studies at the economic university.
My mother´s name is Jana Valentová. She´s 44 years old and she works as a nanny because she loves babies. Her hobbies are sport and reading.
My father´s name is Roman Valenta. He´s 45 years old and he works as a businessman – he collects stamps. His hobbies are his job, tennis and friends.
I have one sister called Martina. She studied at this school too and now she studies at university. She´s 20 years old and she lives with her boyfriend.
I have two grandma called Eva and Marcela and they are pensioner. Unfortunately I don´t have any grandpa.
My mum´s has one sister – my aunt Marcela. And that´t all because my father is the only child.
I live with my parents in a family house. We have got big garden with swimming pool and many flower and trees. That´s great in summer. I love it. We have many rooms there and I have my own room.
We have got a cottage in Orlík. I go there for holiday with my grandma. We often go to the forest and pick up mushrooms and then we cook many foods. I spent childhood there and it was the best times for me.
We have got great neighbours too – they are our close friends. We celebrate birthday with them.
We have got three pets too: dog – yorkshire terrier called Kenny. He´s 6 years old and I very
like go to walk with him and I very love him.
parrot – called Honzík – he´s 12 years old but he can´t speak.
and rat called Beanny.
I have got a lot of friends and I really love them. We meet at discos or pubs. We go together to the cinema, clubs and trips. I really enjoy it with them.
Přítomný čas – rozdíl mezi použitím prostého a průběhového času
1, simple – konstatování skutečnosti, opakovaný děj; 3 os.č.j. – S
☺ otázka a zápor – pomocné sloveso „do“ („does“)
He goes to school everyday.
Does h ego to school everyday ?
He doesn´t go to school everyday.
2, continuous – děj probíhá v tomto okamžiku – I am watching TV now.
- blízká budoucnost – He´s leasing tonight.
☺ „to be“ v příslušném tvaru + ingové příčestí
Otázka: změna slovosledu – Are you watching TV now ?
Zápor „not“: They are not watching TV now.
My name is Simona Valentová.
I was born on the 18th of December 1989 in Prague.
I study at the business academy and now I try to pass my schoul-leaving exams.
After I want to continue my studies at the economic university.
My mother´s name is Jana Valentová. She´s 44 years old and she works as a nanny because she loves babies. Her hobbies are sport and reading.
My father´s name is Roman Valenta. He´s 45 years old and he works as a businessman – he collects stamps. His hobbies are his job, tennis and friends.
I have one sister called Martina. She studied at this school too and now she studies at university. She´s 20 years old and she lives with her boyfriend.
I have two grandma called Eva and Marcela and they are pensioner. Unfortunately I don´t have any grandpa.
My mum´s has one sister – my aunt Marcela. And that´t all because my father is the only child.
I live with my parents in a family house. We have got big garden with swimming pool and many flower and trees. That´s great in summer. I love it. We have many rooms there and I have my own room.
We have got a cottage in Orlík. I go there for holiday with my grandma. We often go to the forest and pick up mushrooms and then we cook many foods. I spent childhood there and it was the best times for me.
We have got great neighbours too – they are our close friends. We celebrate birthday with them.
We have got three pets too: dog – yorkshire terrier called Kenny. He´s 6 years old and I very
like go to walk with him and I very love him.
parrot – called Honzík – he´s 12 years old but he can´t speak.
and rat called Beanny.
I have got a lot of friends and I really love them. We meet at discos or pubs. We go together to the cinema, clubs and trips. I really enjoy it with them.
Přítomný čas – rozdíl mezi použitím prostého a průběhového času
1, simple – konstatování skutečnosti, opakovaný děj; 3 os.č.j. – S
☺ otázka a zápor – pomocné sloveso „do“ („does“)
He goes to school everyday.
Does h ego to school everyday ?
He doesn´t go to school everyday.
2, continuous – děj probíhá v tomto okamžiku – I am watching TV now.
- blízká budoucnost – He´s leasing tonight.
☺ „to be“ v příslušném tvaru + ingové příčestí
Otázka: změna slovosledu – Are you watching TV now ?
Zápor „not“: They are not watching TV now.
Varieties of English
Varieties of English
• English Language is the chief medium of communication of people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and numerous other countries, among the biggest and probably most important is India (it was a British colony until 1949). It is the official language of many nations in the Commonwealth of Nations and is widely understood and used in all of them. It is spoken in more parts of the world than any other language and by more people (420 million speak it all over the world) than any other tongue except Chinese.
• English as a first language is the one that children learn as their first and is also the official in the country; second language know most of the people in the country and is official too (English as a second language is learned in many countries to understand foreigners, when the first language is not very spread among foreign people); and English as a foreign language is the one we learn to know an international language, is not official in the state and it depends to each country how many people learn it
• we know 5 types of English - British, Indian, African, American and Australian
• English that is learned in schools is called Standard English (SE), but people on the top of the social scale (about 3%) speak with Received Pronounciation (RP)
• The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary. There are slighter differences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well. It is often difficult to determine whether a work was written in England, the United States, or any other part of the English-speaking world.
• in American English there are series of spelling reforms (-er instead of British -re, -or to replace-our, check instead of cheque) and sometimes Americans use different words for the same thing that British (bug, to mean insects in general rather than bedbug in Great Britain, corn, to designate what the British call maize, elevator X lift, truck X lorry, windshield X windscreen, sidewalk X pavment, commercial X advertisment)
• English is the main language of science (especially computer science, medicine) and after the WWII. English became the main language of diplomacy
History of the English language
• about 5000 B.C. a tribe called the Indo-Europeans lived in central Europe, they had their own language, and when they discovered the wheel around 3000 B.C., they were able to travel; some went on east, some on west and those, who came to Britain, were the Celts
• today the Celts live still in Scotland, Western Ireland, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany (northern France)
• after more than 2000 years the Celts were the only people living in Britain; than the Romans arrived and Julius Caesar with his army brought there new language - Latin; but Romans lived only in England, so only very few words entered the Celtic language
• the Romans left in 410 A.D., but 40 years later the Anglo-Saxon invaded the Britain - they came from Holland, Denmark and Germany (England means ‘land of the Angels’); their language was Old English and many of their words are still in dictionaries (sheep, earth, dog, work, field; the, is, you)
• in 597 A.D. Saint Augistine brought Christianity to Britain and hundreds of Latin and Greek words entered Old English
• another words (get, wrong, leg, want, skin, same and low) have their roots in Norse - a language of Vikings, who lived in Scandinavia and invaded Britain between the years 750 and 1050
• 1066 - Norman duke William beat the English king Harold at the battle of Hastings and French words became an important part of English
• in next 200 years, English with Latin, Norse and French changed into Middle English; in this period the first great English writer Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales
• around 1480 the printing press was invented, which played an important role because it fixed the English grammar and spelling
• since William Shakespeare’s times (16th - 17th century) we call the English modern
• when the Normans invaded Britain, the official languages used for government, law, learning or the army were Latin and French (words like judge, military, professor, legal come from these two languages); the daily used language among people was Old English
• from 14th century, many English words were invented or borrowed from other languages, e.g. Ancient Greek (earth + writing > geography, soul + word > psychology), other common Greek words are phone, photo, philo, sophy, mono, poly
• words from Latin : multi, super, sub, mare ...
some words came from outside Europe - alcohol, algebra - Arabic, jungle - India
• English Language is the chief medium of communication of people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and numerous other countries, among the biggest and probably most important is India (it was a British colony until 1949). It is the official language of many nations in the Commonwealth of Nations and is widely understood and used in all of them. It is spoken in more parts of the world than any other language and by more people (420 million speak it all over the world) than any other tongue except Chinese.
• English as a first language is the one that children learn as their first and is also the official in the country; second language know most of the people in the country and is official too (English as a second language is learned in many countries to understand foreigners, when the first language is not very spread among foreign people); and English as a foreign language is the one we learn to know an international language, is not official in the state and it depends to each country how many people learn it
• we know 5 types of English - British, Indian, African, American and Australian
• English that is learned in schools is called Standard English (SE), but people on the top of the social scale (about 3%) speak with Received Pronounciation (RP)
• The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary. There are slighter differences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well. It is often difficult to determine whether a work was written in England, the United States, or any other part of the English-speaking world.
• in American English there are series of spelling reforms (-er instead of British -re, -or to replace-our, check instead of cheque) and sometimes Americans use different words for the same thing that British (bug, to mean insects in general rather than bedbug in Great Britain, corn, to designate what the British call maize, elevator X lift, truck X lorry, windshield X windscreen, sidewalk X pavment, commercial X advertisment)
• English is the main language of science (especially computer science, medicine) and after the WWII. English became the main language of diplomacy
History of the English language
• about 5000 B.C. a tribe called the Indo-Europeans lived in central Europe, they had their own language, and when they discovered the wheel around 3000 B.C., they were able to travel; some went on east, some on west and those, who came to Britain, were the Celts
• today the Celts live still in Scotland, Western Ireland, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany (northern France)
• after more than 2000 years the Celts were the only people living in Britain; than the Romans arrived and Julius Caesar with his army brought there new language - Latin; but Romans lived only in England, so only very few words entered the Celtic language
• the Romans left in 410 A.D., but 40 years later the Anglo-Saxon invaded the Britain - they came from Holland, Denmark and Germany (England means ‘land of the Angels’); their language was Old English and many of their words are still in dictionaries (sheep, earth, dog, work, field; the, is, you)
• in 597 A.D. Saint Augistine brought Christianity to Britain and hundreds of Latin and Greek words entered Old English
• another words (get, wrong, leg, want, skin, same and low) have their roots in Norse - a language of Vikings, who lived in Scandinavia and invaded Britain between the years 750 and 1050
• 1066 - Norman duke William beat the English king Harold at the battle of Hastings and French words became an important part of English
• in next 200 years, English with Latin, Norse and French changed into Middle English; in this period the first great English writer Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales
• around 1480 the printing press was invented, which played an important role because it fixed the English grammar and spelling
• since William Shakespeare’s times (16th - 17th century) we call the English modern
• when the Normans invaded Britain, the official languages used for government, law, learning or the army were Latin and French (words like judge, military, professor, legal come from these two languages); the daily used language among people was Old English
• from 14th century, many English words were invented or borrowed from other languages, e.g. Ancient Greek (earth + writing > geography, soul + word > psychology), other common Greek words are phone, photo, philo, sophy, mono, poly
• words from Latin : multi, super, sub, mare ...
some words came from outside Europe - alcohol, algebra - Arabic, jungle - India
Varieties of English
Varieties of English
• English Language is the chief medium of communication of people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and numerous other countries, among the biggest and probably most important is India (it was a British colony until 1949). It is the official language of many nations in the Commonwealth of Nations and is widely understood and used in all of them. It is spoken in more parts of the world than any other language and by more people (420 million speak it all over the world) than any other tongue except Chinese.
• English as a first language is the one that children learn as their first and is also the official in the country; second language know most of the people in the country and is official too (English as a second language is learned in many countries to understand foreigners, when the first language is not very spread among foreign people); and English as a foreign language is the one we learn to know an international language, is not official in the state and it depends to each country how many people learn it
• we know 5 types of English - British, Indian, African, American and Australian
• English that is learned in schools is called Standard English (SE), but people on the top of the social scale (about 3%) speak with Received Pronounciation (RP)
• The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary. There are slighter differences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well. It is often difficult to determine whether a work was written in England, the United States, or any other part of the English-speaking world.
• in American English there are series of spelling reforms (-er instead of British -re, -or to replace-our, check instead of cheque) and sometimes Americans use different words for the same thing that British (bug, to mean insects in general rather than bedbug in Great Britain, corn, to designate what the British call maize, elevator X lift, truck X lorry, windshield X windscreen, sidewalk X pavment, commercial X advertisment)
• English is the main language of science (especially computer science, medicine) and after the WWII. English became the main language of diplomacy
History of the English language
• about 5000 B.C. a tribe called the Indo-Europeans lived in central Europe, they had their own language, and when they discovered the wheel around 3000 B.C., they were able to travel; some went on east, some on west and those, who came to Britain, were the Celts
• today the Celts live still in Scotland, Western Ireland, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany (northern France)
• after more than 2000 years the Celts were the only people living in Britain; than the Romans arrived and Julius Caesar with his army brought there new language - Latin; but Romans lived only in England, so only very few words entered the Celtic language
• the Romans left in 410 A.D., but 40 years later the Anglo-Saxon invaded the Britain - they came from Holland, Denmark and Germany (England means ‘land of the Angels’); their language was Old English and many of their words are still in dictionaries (sheep, earth, dog, work, field; the, is, you)
• in 597 A.D. Saint Augistine brought Christianity to Britain and hundreds of Latin and Greek words entered Old English
• another words (get, wrong, leg, want, skin, same and low) have their roots in Norse - a language of Vikings, who lived in Scandinavia and invaded Britain between the years 750 and 1050
• 1066 - Norman duke William beat the English king Harold at the battle of Hastings and French words became an important part of English
• in next 200 years, English with Latin, Norse and French changed into Middle English; in this period the first great English writer Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales
• around 1480 the printing press was invented, which played an important role because it fixed the English grammar and spelling
• since William Shakespeare’s times (16th - 17th century) we call the English modern
• when the Normans invaded Britain, the official languages used for government, law, learning or the army were Latin and French (words like judge, military, professor, legal come from these two languages); the daily used language among people was Old English
• from 14th century, many English words were invented or borrowed from other languages, e.g. Ancient Greek (earth + writing > geography, soul + word > psychology), other common Greek words are phone, photo, philo, sophy, mono, poly
• words from Latin : multi, super, sub, mare ...
some words came from outside Europe - alcohol, algebra - Arabic, jungle - India
• English Language is the chief medium of communication of people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and numerous other countries, among the biggest and probably most important is India (it was a British colony until 1949). It is the official language of many nations in the Commonwealth of Nations and is widely understood and used in all of them. It is spoken in more parts of the world than any other language and by more people (420 million speak it all over the world) than any other tongue except Chinese.
• English as a first language is the one that children learn as their first and is also the official in the country; second language know most of the people in the country and is official too (English as a second language is learned in many countries to understand foreigners, when the first language is not very spread among foreign people); and English as a foreign language is the one we learn to know an international language, is not official in the state and it depends to each country how many people learn it
• we know 5 types of English - British, Indian, African, American and Australian
• English that is learned in schools is called Standard English (SE), but people on the top of the social scale (about 3%) speak with Received Pronounciation (RP)
• The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary. There are slighter differences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well. It is often difficult to determine whether a work was written in England, the United States, or any other part of the English-speaking world.
• in American English there are series of spelling reforms (-er instead of British -re, -or to replace-our, check instead of cheque) and sometimes Americans use different words for the same thing that British (bug, to mean insects in general rather than bedbug in Great Britain, corn, to designate what the British call maize, elevator X lift, truck X lorry, windshield X windscreen, sidewalk X pavment, commercial X advertisment)
• English is the main language of science (especially computer science, medicine) and after the WWII. English became the main language of diplomacy
History of the English language
• about 5000 B.C. a tribe called the Indo-Europeans lived in central Europe, they had their own language, and when they discovered the wheel around 3000 B.C., they were able to travel; some went on east, some on west and those, who came to Britain, were the Celts
• today the Celts live still in Scotland, Western Ireland, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany (northern France)
• after more than 2000 years the Celts were the only people living in Britain; than the Romans arrived and Julius Caesar with his army brought there new language - Latin; but Romans lived only in England, so only very few words entered the Celtic language
• the Romans left in 410 A.D., but 40 years later the Anglo-Saxon invaded the Britain - they came from Holland, Denmark and Germany (England means ‘land of the Angels’); their language was Old English and many of their words are still in dictionaries (sheep, earth, dog, work, field; the, is, you)
• in 597 A.D. Saint Augistine brought Christianity to Britain and hundreds of Latin and Greek words entered Old English
• another words (get, wrong, leg, want, skin, same and low) have their roots in Norse - a language of Vikings, who lived in Scandinavia and invaded Britain between the years 750 and 1050
• 1066 - Norman duke William beat the English king Harold at the battle of Hastings and French words became an important part of English
• in next 200 years, English with Latin, Norse and French changed into Middle English; in this period the first great English writer Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales
• around 1480 the printing press was invented, which played an important role because it fixed the English grammar and spelling
• since William Shakespeare’s times (16th - 17th century) we call the English modern
• when the Normans invaded Britain, the official languages used for government, law, learning or the army were Latin and French (words like judge, military, professor, legal come from these two languages); the daily used language among people was Old English
• from 14th century, many English words were invented or borrowed from other languages, e.g. Ancient Greek (earth + writing > geography, soul + word > psychology), other common Greek words are phone, photo, philo, sophy, mono, poly
• words from Latin : multi, super, sub, mare ...
some words came from outside Europe - alcohol, algebra - Arabic, jungle - India
The influence of TV on a regular viewer
The influence of TV on a regular viewer
• there are 2 types of viewers - the 1st one is addict to TV, they watch it many hours a day and they don’t care much what the program is (they often do something different while watching), and the 2nd one, who watch TV rarely and not periodically - they choose certain programs
• the 1st group is highly influenced by TV, they take many opinions from TV, the 2nd group have their own opinions, they watch TV to get more information (not to create their opinions)
• people with higher education watch usually news, educational programs or some documents, but most people watch movies, series (especially action) and several types of popular TV competitions (quizzes, lotteries ...), house-wives soap operas and children fairy tales
• the main types of TV represent in CR TV Nova and CT1;
news on TV Nova - they are more sensational, emotional, aim on celebrities and people, they start usually with domestic affairs, political and serious world news are at the end, talking to people connected with some sensation (relatives to victims...), jokes of reporters
news on CT 1 - the first in order are political and world news, analysis, exact information, graphs and charts, repetition of important news
TV Nova - for less educated people, action and American films and series, soap operas, competitions
CT 1 - independent and valuable films, documentaries, educational programs, many news
UK - BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) - BBC1 and BBC 2, money from licence fees (all must pay), educ. progs., subject to government directives
- IBA (Independent Broadcasting Authority) - ITV, funded by commercials, educ. progs., subject to government directives
commercials - at breaks and within programs, political, religious and for tabacco forbidden
130 cable TV networks, several satellite TV channels
Do journalists influence public opinion
• many people read the newspapers every day and although the newspapers shouldn’t advance any political party or publicise e.g. racial opinions, journalists sometimes do (they have their opinions and they rather write in accord with them than against them)
• all people can’t be educated in all areas what journalist write about so some themes or problems know the readers only from newspaper articles (e.g. the Temelin - only few people know enough about the problem, so there are 2 groups - one say that it is dangerous and one say that it doesn’t spoil the nature and it is safe and effective
• sometimes the journalists say what they shouldn’t, which is a conflict between freedom of opinions and one’s privacy and ethic (e.g. shooting our president in an hospital room when he didn’t know about it, or the book 7 dni ... - the author is telling sometimes lies and sometimes a little changed true, but when the readers connect it all together, the result is, that Havel and Dagmar are stupid, senile and they have all bad qualities - what the author did was that he violated their privacy, collected their mistakes (that everyone sometimes does) and wrote a whole book about it)
• the biggest mistake that journalists do is that they take one part (usually sensational) from one’s speech, they rip it out from the context (don’t let the author explain what he wanted to say) and than the thing alone sounds like sensation - that’s why many people don’t like to talk to journalists
Television destroys man’s imagination and activity
• people who watch TV many hours a day (who are kind of addict) usually don’t make sports and are sometimes fat, because they rather watch all activities in TV - they can see all kinds of sports and of course action movies (with runs, jumps, fights ...) so TV is for them sort of substitute for these actions, and better, because they can see actions that they couldn’t do in real (shooting, killing people, car chase ...)
• the spreading and development of TVs and videos breaks the communications and relationships between people - the family sit together, they watch a program and are silent (rarely make a comment about the program); in past they talked to each other, played games (cards, chess ...) and the communication was more natural
• I’m not against watching TV, but not all the evening (especially while eating) and choose what I’m interested in, not to switch it on anytime; and I prefer doing something together and communicate (e. g. playing scrabble or any game with children)
• when I have children I won’t let them watch TV more than 2 or 3 hours a day, I will try to persuade them to go out with friends, to draw or whatever, and I’ll abolish them to watch action and bloody movies - it destroys their perception of the world and they can think that the real world is about killing and violence (it can even end with killing someone like in USA - Arkansas)
• there are 2 types of viewers - the 1st one is addict to TV, they watch it many hours a day and they don’t care much what the program is (they often do something different while watching), and the 2nd one, who watch TV rarely and not periodically - they choose certain programs
• the 1st group is highly influenced by TV, they take many opinions from TV, the 2nd group have their own opinions, they watch TV to get more information (not to create their opinions)
• people with higher education watch usually news, educational programs or some documents, but most people watch movies, series (especially action) and several types of popular TV competitions (quizzes, lotteries ...), house-wives soap operas and children fairy tales
• the main types of TV represent in CR TV Nova and CT1;
news on TV Nova - they are more sensational, emotional, aim on celebrities and people, they start usually with domestic affairs, political and serious world news are at the end, talking to people connected with some sensation (relatives to victims...), jokes of reporters
news on CT 1 - the first in order are political and world news, analysis, exact information, graphs and charts, repetition of important news
TV Nova - for less educated people, action and American films and series, soap operas, competitions
CT 1 - independent and valuable films, documentaries, educational programs, many news
UK - BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) - BBC1 and BBC 2, money from licence fees (all must pay), educ. progs., subject to government directives
- IBA (Independent Broadcasting Authority) - ITV, funded by commercials, educ. progs., subject to government directives
commercials - at breaks and within programs, political, religious and for tabacco forbidden
130 cable TV networks, several satellite TV channels
Do journalists influence public opinion
• many people read the newspapers every day and although the newspapers shouldn’t advance any political party or publicise e.g. racial opinions, journalists sometimes do (they have their opinions and they rather write in accord with them than against them)
• all people can’t be educated in all areas what journalist write about so some themes or problems know the readers only from newspaper articles (e.g. the Temelin - only few people know enough about the problem, so there are 2 groups - one say that it is dangerous and one say that it doesn’t spoil the nature and it is safe and effective
• sometimes the journalists say what they shouldn’t, which is a conflict between freedom of opinions and one’s privacy and ethic (e.g. shooting our president in an hospital room when he didn’t know about it, or the book 7 dni ... - the author is telling sometimes lies and sometimes a little changed true, but when the readers connect it all together, the result is, that Havel and Dagmar are stupid, senile and they have all bad qualities - what the author did was that he violated their privacy, collected their mistakes (that everyone sometimes does) and wrote a whole book about it)
• the biggest mistake that journalists do is that they take one part (usually sensational) from one’s speech, they rip it out from the context (don’t let the author explain what he wanted to say) and than the thing alone sounds like sensation - that’s why many people don’t like to talk to journalists
Television destroys man’s imagination and activity
• people who watch TV many hours a day (who are kind of addict) usually don’t make sports and are sometimes fat, because they rather watch all activities in TV - they can see all kinds of sports and of course action movies (with runs, jumps, fights ...) so TV is for them sort of substitute for these actions, and better, because they can see actions that they couldn’t do in real (shooting, killing people, car chase ...)
• the spreading and development of TVs and videos breaks the communications and relationships between people - the family sit together, they watch a program and are silent (rarely make a comment about the program); in past they talked to each other, played games (cards, chess ...) and the communication was more natural
• I’m not against watching TV, but not all the evening (especially while eating) and choose what I’m interested in, not to switch it on anytime; and I prefer doing something together and communicate (e. g. playing scrabble or any game with children)
• when I have children I won’t let them watch TV more than 2 or 3 hours a day, I will try to persuade them to go out with friends, to draw or whatever, and I’ll abolish them to watch action and bloody movies - it destroys their perception of the world and they can think that the real world is about killing and violence (it can even end with killing someone like in USA - Arkansas)
The influence of TV on a regular viewer
The influence of TV on a regular viewer
• there are 2 types of viewers - the 1st one is addict to TV, they watch it many hours a day and they don’t care much what the program is (they often do something different while watching), and the 2nd one, who watch TV rarely and not periodically - they choose certain programs
• the 1st group is highly influenced by TV, they take many opinions from TV, the 2nd group have their own opinions, they watch TV to get more information (not to create their opinions)
• people with higher education watch usually news, educational programs or some documents, but most people watch movies, series (especially action) and several types of popular TV competitions (quizzes, lotteries ...), house-wives soap operas and children fairy tales
• the main types of TV represent in CR TV Nova and CT1;
news on TV Nova - they are more sensational, emotional, aim on celebrities and people, they start usually with domestic affairs, political and serious world news are at the end, talking to people connected with some sensation (relatives to victims...), jokes of reporters
news on CT 1 - the first in order are political and world news, analysis, exact information, graphs and charts, repetition of important news
TV Nova - for less educated people, action and American films and series, soap operas, competitions
CT 1 - independent and valuable films, documentaries, educational programs, many news
UK - BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) - BBC1 and BBC 2, money from licence fees (all must pay), educ. progs., subject to government directives
- IBA (Independent Broadcasting Authority) - ITV, funded by commercials, educ. progs., subject to government directives
commercials - at breaks and within programs, political, religious and for tabacco forbidden
130 cable TV networks, several satellite TV channels
Do journalists influence public opinion
• many people read the newspapers every day and although the newspapers shouldn’t advance any political party or publicise e.g. racial opinions, journalists sometimes do (they have their opinions and they rather write in accord with them than against them)
• all people can’t be educated in all areas what journalist write about so some themes or problems know the readers only from newspaper articles (e.g. the Temelin - only few people know enough about the problem, so there are 2 groups - one say that it is dangerous and one say that it doesn’t spoil the nature and it is safe and effective
• sometimes the journalists say what they shouldn’t, which is a conflict between freedom of opinions and one’s privacy and ethic (e.g. shooting our president in an hospital room when he didn’t know about it, or the book 7 dni ... - the author is telling sometimes lies and sometimes a little changed true, but when the readers connect it all together, the result is, that Havel and Dagmar are stupid, senile and they have all bad qualities - what the author did was that he violated their privacy, collected their mistakes (that everyone sometimes does) and wrote a whole book about it)
• the biggest mistake that journalists do is that they take one part (usually sensational) from one’s speech, they rip it out from the context (don’t let the author explain what he wanted to say) and than the thing alone sounds like sensation - that’s why many people don’t like to talk to journalists
Television destroys man’s imagination and activity
• people who watch TV many hours a day (who are kind of addict) usually don’t make sports and are sometimes fat, because they rather watch all activities in TV - they can see all kinds of sports and of course action movies (with runs, jumps, fights ...) so TV is for them sort of substitute for these actions, and better, because they can see actions that they couldn’t do in real (shooting, killing people, car chase ...)
• the spreading and development of TVs and videos breaks the communications and relationships between people - the family sit together, they watch a program and are silent (rarely make a comment about the program); in past they talked to each other, played games (cards, chess ...) and the communication was more natural
• I’m not against watching TV, but not all the evening (especially while eating) and choose what I’m interested in, not to switch it on anytime; and I prefer doing something together and communicate (e. g. playing scrabble or any game with children)
• when I have children I won’t let them watch TV more than 2 or 3 hours a day, I will try to persuade them to go out with friends, to draw or whatever, and I’ll abolish them to watch action and bloody movies - it destroys their perception of the world and they can think that the real world is about killing and violence (it can even end with killing someone like in USA - Arkansas)
• there are 2 types of viewers - the 1st one is addict to TV, they watch it many hours a day and they don’t care much what the program is (they often do something different while watching), and the 2nd one, who watch TV rarely and not periodically - they choose certain programs
• the 1st group is highly influenced by TV, they take many opinions from TV, the 2nd group have their own opinions, they watch TV to get more information (not to create their opinions)
• people with higher education watch usually news, educational programs or some documents, but most people watch movies, series (especially action) and several types of popular TV competitions (quizzes, lotteries ...), house-wives soap operas and children fairy tales
• the main types of TV represent in CR TV Nova and CT1;
news on TV Nova - they are more sensational, emotional, aim on celebrities and people, they start usually with domestic affairs, political and serious world news are at the end, talking to people connected with some sensation (relatives to victims...), jokes of reporters
news on CT 1 - the first in order are political and world news, analysis, exact information, graphs and charts, repetition of important news
TV Nova - for less educated people, action and American films and series, soap operas, competitions
CT 1 - independent and valuable films, documentaries, educational programs, many news
UK - BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) - BBC1 and BBC 2, money from licence fees (all must pay), educ. progs., subject to government directives
- IBA (Independent Broadcasting Authority) - ITV, funded by commercials, educ. progs., subject to government directives
commercials - at breaks and within programs, political, religious and for tabacco forbidden
130 cable TV networks, several satellite TV channels
Do journalists influence public opinion
• many people read the newspapers every day and although the newspapers shouldn’t advance any political party or publicise e.g. racial opinions, journalists sometimes do (they have their opinions and they rather write in accord with them than against them)
• all people can’t be educated in all areas what journalist write about so some themes or problems know the readers only from newspaper articles (e.g. the Temelin - only few people know enough about the problem, so there are 2 groups - one say that it is dangerous and one say that it doesn’t spoil the nature and it is safe and effective
• sometimes the journalists say what they shouldn’t, which is a conflict between freedom of opinions and one’s privacy and ethic (e.g. shooting our president in an hospital room when he didn’t know about it, or the book 7 dni ... - the author is telling sometimes lies and sometimes a little changed true, but when the readers connect it all together, the result is, that Havel and Dagmar are stupid, senile and they have all bad qualities - what the author did was that he violated their privacy, collected their mistakes (that everyone sometimes does) and wrote a whole book about it)
• the biggest mistake that journalists do is that they take one part (usually sensational) from one’s speech, they rip it out from the context (don’t let the author explain what he wanted to say) and than the thing alone sounds like sensation - that’s why many people don’t like to talk to journalists
Television destroys man’s imagination and activity
• people who watch TV many hours a day (who are kind of addict) usually don’t make sports and are sometimes fat, because they rather watch all activities in TV - they can see all kinds of sports and of course action movies (with runs, jumps, fights ...) so TV is for them sort of substitute for these actions, and better, because they can see actions that they couldn’t do in real (shooting, killing people, car chase ...)
• the spreading and development of TVs and videos breaks the communications and relationships between people - the family sit together, they watch a program and are silent (rarely make a comment about the program); in past they talked to each other, played games (cards, chess ...) and the communication was more natural
• I’m not against watching TV, but not all the evening (especially while eating) and choose what I’m interested in, not to switch it on anytime; and I prefer doing something together and communicate (e. g. playing scrabble or any game with children)
• when I have children I won’t let them watch TV more than 2 or 3 hours a day, I will try to persuade them to go out with friends, to draw or whatever, and I’ll abolish them to watch action and bloody movies - it destroys their perception of the world and they can think that the real world is about killing and violence (it can even end with killing someone like in USA - Arkansas)
Different types of massmedia
Different types of massmedia
• the main types of massmedia are four : TV, newspapers, radio stations and Internet
TV : no doubt that the TV is the most spread massmedia and has the biggest influence
people are offerd an unreal world with adventure, romance, luck or whatever and when they can’t have it, they at least watch it
news : people get the information without effort, the reporters are witty and nice and they can see pictures and videos from several places;
newspapers : there are several types of newspapers from the serious ones (broadsheets) to the shocking ones (tabloids) so all people can choose ther cup of tea
the advantage of newspaper is that they have permanent group of readers so they can full their pages with information that would be in TV for many people boring > the depth of information
radio stations : most widely spread are music radio stations, but some have very serious news with analysis or some interviews > everybody can choose his favourite station
Internet : is developing with unbeliavable speed, people can do shopping through it, booking tickets, ordering, studying ...
the vast amount of information can’t influence someone’s opinion because he chooses what he wants to know
the problem is that the information are not limited or controled so even small children can see what they aren’t allowed to
CR : 2 channels public TV - serious information, programs of all interests, documents
2 channels commercial TV - shocking news, action movies, soap operas, sitcoms, cheap series
radio stations - music, foreign st. - BBC
newspapers - both types, tabloids (Blesk, Hrom, Vecerni Praha) are more expensive, aimed to people with lower education; broadsheets (Dnes, Lidove noviny) have political informations, deeper, analysis
Newspapers in UK/USA
Tabloids Broadsheets
Articles : Are shocking, emotional, aimed Serious inf., national news, world news,
on people, celebrites, disasters, sports background inf., in-depth features
Composition : Short, easy to understand, huge headlines, Long, elaborate, difficult words, complex and plays on words, quotations, exclamations interesting articles
Photos : Many, often colour, especially people 2-3 on every page, places and people, black
and white
Cost : 25p 35p.
Size : 40 cm /28 cm 60 cm / 40 cm
Circulation : 13 million in UK 3 million in UK
Titles : The Sun, The Daily Star, The Daily The Guardian, The Times, The Independent,
Mirror, The Daily Mail, The Daily The Daily Telegraph and The Financial Times
Express and Today
• the main types of massmedia are four : TV, newspapers, radio stations and Internet
TV : no doubt that the TV is the most spread massmedia and has the biggest influence
people are offerd an unreal world with adventure, romance, luck or whatever and when they can’t have it, they at least watch it
news : people get the information without effort, the reporters are witty and nice and they can see pictures and videos from several places;
newspapers : there are several types of newspapers from the serious ones (broadsheets) to the shocking ones (tabloids) so all people can choose ther cup of tea
the advantage of newspaper is that they have permanent group of readers so they can full their pages with information that would be in TV for many people boring > the depth of information
radio stations : most widely spread are music radio stations, but some have very serious news with analysis or some interviews > everybody can choose his favourite station
Internet : is developing with unbeliavable speed, people can do shopping through it, booking tickets, ordering, studying ...
the vast amount of information can’t influence someone’s opinion because he chooses what he wants to know
the problem is that the information are not limited or controled so even small children can see what they aren’t allowed to
CR : 2 channels public TV - serious information, programs of all interests, documents
2 channels commercial TV - shocking news, action movies, soap operas, sitcoms, cheap series
radio stations - music, foreign st. - BBC
newspapers - both types, tabloids (Blesk, Hrom, Vecerni Praha) are more expensive, aimed to people with lower education; broadsheets (Dnes, Lidove noviny) have political informations, deeper, analysis
Newspapers in UK/USA
Tabloids Broadsheets
Articles : Are shocking, emotional, aimed Serious inf., national news, world news,
on people, celebrites, disasters, sports background inf., in-depth features
Composition : Short, easy to understand, huge headlines, Long, elaborate, difficult words, complex and plays on words, quotations, exclamations interesting articles
Photos : Many, often colour, especially people 2-3 on every page, places and people, black
and white
Cost : 25p 35p.
Size : 40 cm /28 cm 60 cm / 40 cm
Circulation : 13 million in UK 3 million in UK
Titles : The Sun, The Daily Star, The Daily The Guardian, The Times, The Independent,
Mirror, The Daily Mail, The Daily The Daily Telegraph and The Financial Times
Express and Today
Different types of massmedia
Different types of massmedia
• the main types of massmedia are four : TV, newspapers, radio stations and Internet
TV : no doubt that the TV is the most spread massmedia and has the biggest influence
people are offerd an unreal world with adventure, romance, luck or whatever and when they can’t have it, they at least watch it
news : people get the information without effort, the reporters are witty and nice and they can see pictures and videos from several places;
newspapers : there are several types of newspapers from the serious ones (broadsheets) to the shocking ones (tabloids) so all people can choose ther cup of tea
the advantage of newspaper is that they have permanent group of readers so they can full their pages with information that would be in TV for many people boring > the depth of information
radio stations : most widely spread are music radio stations, but some have very serious news with analysis or some interviews > everybody can choose his favourite station
Internet : is developing with unbeliavable speed, people can do shopping through it, booking tickets, ordering, studying ...
the vast amount of information can’t influence someone’s opinion because he chooses what he wants to know
the problem is that the information are not limited or controled so even small children can see what they aren’t allowed to
CR : 2 channels public TV - serious information, programs of all interests, documents
2 channels commercial TV - shocking news, action movies, soap operas, sitcoms, cheap series
radio stations - music, foreign st. - BBC
newspapers - both types, tabloids (Blesk, Hrom, Vecerni Praha) are more expensive, aimed to people with lower education; broadsheets (Dnes, Lidove noviny) have political informations, deeper, analysis
Newspapers in UK/USA
Tabloids Broadsheets
Articles : Are shocking, emotional, aimed Serious inf., national news, world news,
on people, celebrites, disasters, sports background inf., in-depth features
Composition : Short, easy to understand, huge headlines, Long, elaborate, difficult words, complex and plays on words, quotations, exclamations interesting articles
Photos : Many, often colour, especially people 2-3 on every page, places and people, black
and white
Cost : 25p 35p.
Size : 40 cm /28 cm 60 cm / 40 cm
Circulation : 13 million in UK 3 million in UK
Titles : The Sun, The Daily Star, The Daily The Guardian, The Times, The Independent,
Mirror, The Daily Mail, The Daily The Daily Telegraph and The Financial Times
Express and Today
• the main types of massmedia are four : TV, newspapers, radio stations and Internet
TV : no doubt that the TV is the most spread massmedia and has the biggest influence
people are offerd an unreal world with adventure, romance, luck or whatever and when they can’t have it, they at least watch it
news : people get the information without effort, the reporters are witty and nice and they can see pictures and videos from several places;
newspapers : there are several types of newspapers from the serious ones (broadsheets) to the shocking ones (tabloids) so all people can choose ther cup of tea
the advantage of newspaper is that they have permanent group of readers so they can full their pages with information that would be in TV for many people boring > the depth of information
radio stations : most widely spread are music radio stations, but some have very serious news with analysis or some interviews > everybody can choose his favourite station
Internet : is developing with unbeliavable speed, people can do shopping through it, booking tickets, ordering, studying ...
the vast amount of information can’t influence someone’s opinion because he chooses what he wants to know
the problem is that the information are not limited or controled so even small children can see what they aren’t allowed to
CR : 2 channels public TV - serious information, programs of all interests, documents
2 channels commercial TV - shocking news, action movies, soap operas, sitcoms, cheap series
radio stations - music, foreign st. - BBC
newspapers - both types, tabloids (Blesk, Hrom, Vecerni Praha) are more expensive, aimed to people with lower education; broadsheets (Dnes, Lidove noviny) have political informations, deeper, analysis
Newspapers in UK/USA
Tabloids Broadsheets
Articles : Are shocking, emotional, aimed Serious inf., national news, world news,
on people, celebrites, disasters, sports background inf., in-depth features
Composition : Short, easy to understand, huge headlines, Long, elaborate, difficult words, complex and plays on words, quotations, exclamations interesting articles
Photos : Many, often colour, especially people 2-3 on every page, places and people, black
and white
Cost : 25p 35p.
Size : 40 cm /28 cm 60 cm / 40 cm
Circulation : 13 million in UK 3 million in UK
Titles : The Sun, The Daily Star, The Daily The Guardian, The Times, The Independent,
Mirror, The Daily Mail, The Daily The Daily Telegraph and The Financial Times
Express and Today
USA - School system
USA - School system
• elementary and secondary education involves 12 years of schooling, the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma
• the first possible school children can attend is a Kindergarten (actually nursing school), than elementary school and high school
Elementary schools :
• the first elementary school was established in 1630 in Masachussets, because the Puritans wanted to read the Bible
• basic subjects are : math, language, geography, history, arts, science ...
• about 85% are public schools and 15% privat schools - they are sometimes religious
High schools :
• 90% of students go to public schools, they can't choose which school they want to attend
• sport plays an important role in schools as well as the spirit (which is big in small cities)
Colleges :
• the first college founded in America was Harvard and was founded in Massachusets in 1636
• in 1944 the GI Bill of Rights was issued, which helped veterans from the WWII to get higher education (government paid their scholarships) and in 1960's the Affirmative Action Program was introduced - certain numbers of minotity students had to be admited on colleges
• every students takes an SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) from math and English on which bases they are admited to college or not
• the trend of 1970's and 1980's was to be educated in technical subjects
• there is not any difference in quality of education between public and privat schools, the privat ones require much higher fees; all schools are funded from student fees, donations and government funding
• colleges are based on a credit system, science program and research makes the university of a high or low prestige
• elementary and secondary education involves 12 years of schooling, the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma
• the first possible school children can attend is a Kindergarten (actually nursing school), than elementary school and high school
Elementary schools :
• the first elementary school was established in 1630 in Masachussets, because the Puritans wanted to read the Bible
• basic subjects are : math, language, geography, history, arts, science ...
• about 85% are public schools and 15% privat schools - they are sometimes religious
High schools :
• 90% of students go to public schools, they can't choose which school they want to attend
• sport plays an important role in schools as well as the spirit (which is big in small cities)
Colleges :
• the first college founded in America was Harvard and was founded in Massachusets in 1636
• in 1944 the GI Bill of Rights was issued, which helped veterans from the WWII to get higher education (government paid their scholarships) and in 1960's the Affirmative Action Program was introduced - certain numbers of minotity students had to be admited on colleges
• every students takes an SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) from math and English on which bases they are admited to college or not
• the trend of 1970's and 1980's was to be educated in technical subjects
• there is not any difference in quality of education between public and privat schools, the privat ones require much higher fees; all schools are funded from student fees, donations and government funding
• colleges are based on a credit system, science program and research makes the university of a high or low prestige
USA - School system
USA - School system
• elementary and secondary education involves 12 years of schooling, the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma
• the first possible school children can attend is a Kindergarten (actually nursing school), than elementary school and high school
Elementary schools :
• the first elementary school was established in 1630 in Masachussets, because the Puritans wanted to read the Bible
• basic subjects are : math, language, geography, history, arts, science ...
• about 85% are public schools and 15% privat schools - they are sometimes religious
High schools :
• 90% of students go to public schools, they can't choose which school they want to attend
• sport plays an important role in schools as well as the spirit (which is big in small cities)
Colleges :
• the first college founded in America was Harvard and was founded in Massachusets in 1636
• in 1944 the GI Bill of Rights was issued, which helped veterans from the WWII to get higher education (government paid their scholarships) and in 1960's the Affirmative Action Program was introduced - certain numbers of minotity students had to be admited on colleges
• every students takes an SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) from math and English on which bases they are admited to college or not
• the trend of 1970's and 1980's was to be educated in technical subjects
• there is not any difference in quality of education between public and privat schools, the privat ones require much higher fees; all schools are funded from student fees, donations and government funding
• colleges are based on a credit system, science program and research makes the university of a high or low prestige
• elementary and secondary education involves 12 years of schooling, the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma
• the first possible school children can attend is a Kindergarten (actually nursing school), than elementary school and high school
Elementary schools :
• the first elementary school was established in 1630 in Masachussets, because the Puritans wanted to read the Bible
• basic subjects are : math, language, geography, history, arts, science ...
• about 85% are public schools and 15% privat schools - they are sometimes religious
High schools :
• 90% of students go to public schools, they can't choose which school they want to attend
• sport plays an important role in schools as well as the spirit (which is big in small cities)
Colleges :
• the first college founded in America was Harvard and was founded in Massachusets in 1636
• in 1944 the GI Bill of Rights was issued, which helped veterans from the WWII to get higher education (government paid their scholarships) and in 1960's the Affirmative Action Program was introduced - certain numbers of minotity students had to be admited on colleges
• every students takes an SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) from math and English on which bases they are admited to college or not
• the trend of 1970's and 1980's was to be educated in technical subjects
• there is not any difference in quality of education between public and privat schools, the privat ones require much higher fees; all schools are funded from student fees, donations and government funding
• colleges are based on a credit system, science program and research makes the university of a high or low prestige
Prague
Prague
• Prague is a city in west central Czech Republic, the capital of the country; it is located in the central Bohemia region, situated on both sides of the Vltava River; its population is about 1.3 million
History :
• the settlement of Prague dates from the 9th century, when it was the site of several Bohemian castles
• the city began to grow in the 13th century with the establishment of German communities by Wenceslas I, king of Bohemia; the German colonists developed the city rapidly, building the Old Town as a trading centre in 1232 and, expanding to the southeast, establishing the New Town a century later; the key personality for expansion of Prague was the King Charles IV, who let build the Charles University in 1348 as the first in middle Europe
• Prague prospered as the capital of the powerful province of Bohemia and during the 14th century became the largest European city after Paris, in 1442 it was conquered by the Hussites and continued to grow in wealth and power
• it was much damaged during several wars, notably in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), in 1744 the city surrendered to Frederick II, king of Prussia, who, during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), defeated the Austrian forces at Prague
• in 1848, Prague was bombarded by Austrian troops to quell a Czech revolution, and in 1866 the city surrendered to Prussian forces during the Seven Weeks' War
• upon the establishment of the republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Prague became its capital; During World War II the city was occupied by German forces from March 1939 until May 1945 but escaped major damage
• the city was again the scene of turmoil when, in August 1968, Soviet troops invaded Prague and massive demonstrations ensued and also was the site of massive nonviolent demonstrations that led to the downfall of Czechoslovakia's Communist regime in 1989
• when the country divided into two republics on January 1, 1993, the city became capital of the independent Czech Republic
Cultural life
• the cultural life in Prague is wide and one can chose from several activities he would like to do - from going to opera or National Theatre to seeing a hockey or football match
• if you feel like to see some theatre performance of a high value, I recommend you to go to the National Theatre, situated on the right bank of Vltava; the interior is painted by famous Czech painters, e.g. Mikolas Ales, and you can see the best Czech actors casting in the most famous Czech and foreign plays; or if you would like to see some more informal performance, there are many possibilities where to go, but if you visit the Archa theatre, you will be satisfied; because many performances are in English, or even Czech ones are with English subtitle; and don’t worry to wear jeans, nobody gets mad
• if you would like to see some paintings or sculptures, you can visit the National Gallery in Prague, e.g. the collection of ancient art in Sternbersky palac on Hradcanske square 15
• from Prague museums I recommend the National museum on Venceslas square, where you can find paleontological, mineral or zoological collections, ancient history of Czech, Moravia and Silezia and scelets of many animals, including ancient man
• and if you admire classical music, there is not more prestigeous and honor place than the Rudolphinom on Alsovo sqare, on the bank of Vltava
• probably the most famous festival that is held every year is the classical music festival Prague spring, that begins every year on May 12th and ends on June 2nd; concerts can be seen in more concert halls in Prague, but it always begins with Dvorak’s Ma vlast in Rudolphinom; siniliar to this is Prague autumn, but is younger and not so famous
• I would recommend to everybody to see some performance on Krizikova fountain; this fountain is a little miracle of technology and it is wonderful that it was build so long ago; at recent days spectators can see spectacular performances full of colours, playing in warm summer nights on music by Queen, Vangelis or songs from world-reknown musicals
Municipal House of the Capital of Prague and Powder gate
• Municipal House was built on the place of former King’s court in 1905 to 1911 as a representative palace of the town in the style of Prague Art nouveau; the group of halls around the central Smetana Hall is decoratedby the works of the foremost artists of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; the Municipal House was the place of declaration of independent Czechoslovak stateon October 28th in 1918 and also the scene of negotiations of the representatives of Civic Forum , who after November 17th 1989 undertook the political powers
• the Powder Gate was constructed as a representative entry into the Old Town at King’s court by Matyas Rejsek in the 2nd half of 15th century in the Lately Gothic style; in the end of 19th century was renovated in the Neo-Gothic style by J. Mocker; the gate is 65m high and is decorated by stoneworks and sculptures
Vyšehrad
• the second seat of the Bohemian princes and kings of the Premyslides dynasty was founded in the 10th century; the original castle figured in romantic legends about the beginning of Prague and the Bohemian state; it contains Rotunda of St Martin, Chapter church of St Peter and Paul, the chapels of St Ludmila and of Virgin Mary in Walls, remnants of Gothic fortifications, a baroque fortress of the 17th century, a park with so called “devil’s Column and four statues depicting figures of Bohemian mythology by J. V. Myslbek; you can find there also Vysehrad Museum and a cemetery, where since the 19th century important personalities of the Czech nation have been buried
Old Town Hall
• was built probably in 1299 at the Big square (market place) as the seat of self-government of the Prague Old Town; the oldest part of the Town Hall complex was built in the High Gothic style and contains the tower, oriel chapel and rich coat of arms decorations; the astronomical clock was made before 1410 by Nicholas of Kadan and completed in the end of 15th century; the calendar sheet and new statues of Apostles were were placed in 19th and 20th centuries
• Prague is a city in west central Czech Republic, the capital of the country; it is located in the central Bohemia region, situated on both sides of the Vltava River; its population is about 1.3 million
History :
• the settlement of Prague dates from the 9th century, when it was the site of several Bohemian castles
• the city began to grow in the 13th century with the establishment of German communities by Wenceslas I, king of Bohemia; the German colonists developed the city rapidly, building the Old Town as a trading centre in 1232 and, expanding to the southeast, establishing the New Town a century later; the key personality for expansion of Prague was the King Charles IV, who let build the Charles University in 1348 as the first in middle Europe
• Prague prospered as the capital of the powerful province of Bohemia and during the 14th century became the largest European city after Paris, in 1442 it was conquered by the Hussites and continued to grow in wealth and power
• it was much damaged during several wars, notably in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), in 1744 the city surrendered to Frederick II, king of Prussia, who, during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), defeated the Austrian forces at Prague
• in 1848, Prague was bombarded by Austrian troops to quell a Czech revolution, and in 1866 the city surrendered to Prussian forces during the Seven Weeks' War
• upon the establishment of the republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Prague became its capital; During World War II the city was occupied by German forces from March 1939 until May 1945 but escaped major damage
• the city was again the scene of turmoil when, in August 1968, Soviet troops invaded Prague and massive demonstrations ensued and also was the site of massive nonviolent demonstrations that led to the downfall of Czechoslovakia's Communist regime in 1989
• when the country divided into two republics on January 1, 1993, the city became capital of the independent Czech Republic
Cultural life
• the cultural life in Prague is wide and one can chose from several activities he would like to do - from going to opera or National Theatre to seeing a hockey or football match
• if you feel like to see some theatre performance of a high value, I recommend you to go to the National Theatre, situated on the right bank of Vltava; the interior is painted by famous Czech painters, e.g. Mikolas Ales, and you can see the best Czech actors casting in the most famous Czech and foreign plays; or if you would like to see some more informal performance, there are many possibilities where to go, but if you visit the Archa theatre, you will be satisfied; because many performances are in English, or even Czech ones are with English subtitle; and don’t worry to wear jeans, nobody gets mad
• if you would like to see some paintings or sculptures, you can visit the National Gallery in Prague, e.g. the collection of ancient art in Sternbersky palac on Hradcanske square 15
• from Prague museums I recommend the National museum on Venceslas square, where you can find paleontological, mineral or zoological collections, ancient history of Czech, Moravia and Silezia and scelets of many animals, including ancient man
• and if you admire classical music, there is not more prestigeous and honor place than the Rudolphinom on Alsovo sqare, on the bank of Vltava
• probably the most famous festival that is held every year is the classical music festival Prague spring, that begins every year on May 12th and ends on June 2nd; concerts can be seen in more concert halls in Prague, but it always begins with Dvorak’s Ma vlast in Rudolphinom; siniliar to this is Prague autumn, but is younger and not so famous
• I would recommend to everybody to see some performance on Krizikova fountain; this fountain is a little miracle of technology and it is wonderful that it was build so long ago; at recent days spectators can see spectacular performances full of colours, playing in warm summer nights on music by Queen, Vangelis or songs from world-reknown musicals
Municipal House of the Capital of Prague and Powder gate
• Municipal House was built on the place of former King’s court in 1905 to 1911 as a representative palace of the town in the style of Prague Art nouveau; the group of halls around the central Smetana Hall is decoratedby the works of the foremost artists of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; the Municipal House was the place of declaration of independent Czechoslovak stateon October 28th in 1918 and also the scene of negotiations of the representatives of Civic Forum , who after November 17th 1989 undertook the political powers
• the Powder Gate was constructed as a representative entry into the Old Town at King’s court by Matyas Rejsek in the 2nd half of 15th century in the Lately Gothic style; in the end of 19th century was renovated in the Neo-Gothic style by J. Mocker; the gate is 65m high and is decorated by stoneworks and sculptures
Vyšehrad
• the second seat of the Bohemian princes and kings of the Premyslides dynasty was founded in the 10th century; the original castle figured in romantic legends about the beginning of Prague and the Bohemian state; it contains Rotunda of St Martin, Chapter church of St Peter and Paul, the chapels of St Ludmila and of Virgin Mary in Walls, remnants of Gothic fortifications, a baroque fortress of the 17th century, a park with so called “devil’s Column and four statues depicting figures of Bohemian mythology by J. V. Myslbek; you can find there also Vysehrad Museum and a cemetery, where since the 19th century important personalities of the Czech nation have been buried
Old Town Hall
• was built probably in 1299 at the Big square (market place) as the seat of self-government of the Prague Old Town; the oldest part of the Town Hall complex was built in the High Gothic style and contains the tower, oriel chapel and rich coat of arms decorations; the astronomical clock was made before 1410 by Nicholas of Kadan and completed in the end of 15th century; the calendar sheet and new statues of Apostles were were placed in 19th and 20th centuries
Prague
Prague
• Prague is a city in west central Czech Republic, the capital of the country; it is located in the central Bohemia region, situated on both sides of the Vltava River; its population is about 1.3 million
History :
• the settlement of Prague dates from the 9th century, when it was the site of several Bohemian castles
• the city began to grow in the 13th century with the establishment of German communities by Wenceslas I, king of Bohemia; the German colonists developed the city rapidly, building the Old Town as a trading centre in 1232 and, expanding to the southeast, establishing the New Town a century later; the key personality for expansion of Prague was the King Charles IV, who let build the Charles University in 1348 as the first in middle Europe
• Prague prospered as the capital of the powerful province of Bohemia and during the 14th century became the largest European city after Paris, in 1442 it was conquered by the Hussites and continued to grow in wealth and power
• it was much damaged during several wars, notably in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), in 1744 the city surrendered to Frederick II, king of Prussia, who, during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), defeated the Austrian forces at Prague
• in 1848, Prague was bombarded by Austrian troops to quell a Czech revolution, and in 1866 the city surrendered to Prussian forces during the Seven Weeks' War
• upon the establishment of the republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Prague became its capital; During World War II the city was occupied by German forces from March 1939 until May 1945 but escaped major damage
• the city was again the scene of turmoil when, in August 1968, Soviet troops invaded Prague and massive demonstrations ensued and also was the site of massive nonviolent demonstrations that led to the downfall of Czechoslovakia's Communist regime in 1989
• when the country divided into two republics on January 1, 1993, the city became capital of the independent Czech Republic
Cultural life
• the cultural life in Prague is wide and one can chose from several activities he would like to do - from going to opera or National Theatre to seeing a hockey or football match
• if you feel like to see some theatre performance of a high value, I recommend you to go to the National Theatre, situated on the right bank of Vltava; the interior is painted by famous Czech painters, e.g. Mikolas Ales, and you can see the best Czech actors casting in the most famous Czech and foreign plays; or if you would like to see some more informal performance, there are many possibilities where to go, but if you visit the Archa theatre, you will be satisfied; because many performances are in English, or even Czech ones are with English subtitle; and don’t worry to wear jeans, nobody gets mad
• if you would like to see some paintings or sculptures, you can visit the National Gallery in Prague, e.g. the collection of ancient art in Sternbersky palac on Hradcanske square 15
• from Prague museums I recommend the National museum on Venceslas square, where you can find paleontological, mineral or zoological collections, ancient history of Czech, Moravia and Silezia and scelets of many animals, including ancient man
• and if you admire classical music, there is not more prestigeous and honor place than the Rudolphinom on Alsovo sqare, on the bank of Vltava
• probably the most famous festival that is held every year is the classical music festival Prague spring, that begins every year on May 12th and ends on June 2nd; concerts can be seen in more concert halls in Prague, but it always begins with Dvorak’s Ma vlast in Rudolphinom; siniliar to this is Prague autumn, but is younger and not so famous
• I would recommend to everybody to see some performance on Krizikova fountain; this fountain is a little miracle of technology and it is wonderful that it was build so long ago; at recent days spectators can see spectacular performances full of colours, playing in warm summer nights on music by Queen, Vangelis or songs from world-reknown musicals
Municipal House of the Capital of Prague and Powder gate
• Municipal House was built on the place of former King’s court in 1905 to 1911 as a representative palace of the town in the style of Prague Art nouveau; the group of halls around the central Smetana Hall is decoratedby the works of the foremost artists of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; the Municipal House was the place of declaration of independent Czechoslovak stateon October 28th in 1918 and also the scene of negotiations of the representatives of Civic Forum , who after November 17th 1989 undertook the political powers
• the Powder Gate was constructed as a representative entry into the Old Town at King’s court by Matyas Rejsek in the 2nd half of 15th century in the Lately Gothic style; in the end of 19th century was renovated in the Neo-Gothic style by J. Mocker; the gate is 65m high and is decorated by stoneworks and sculptures
Vyšehrad
• the second seat of the Bohemian princes and kings of the Premyslides dynasty was founded in the 10th century; the original castle figured in romantic legends about the beginning of Prague and the Bohemian state; it contains Rotunda of St Martin, Chapter church of St Peter and Paul, the chapels of St Ludmila and of Virgin Mary in Walls, remnants of Gothic fortifications, a baroque fortress of the 17th century, a park with so called “devil’s Column and four statues depicting figures of Bohemian mythology by J. V. Myslbek; you can find there also Vysehrad Museum and a cemetery, where since the 19th century important personalities of the Czech nation have been buried
Old Town Hall
• was built probably in 1299 at the Big square (market place) as the seat of self-government of the Prague Old Town; the oldest part of the Town Hall complex was built in the High Gothic style and contains the tower, oriel chapel and rich coat of arms decorations; the astronomical clock was made before 1410 by Nicholas of Kadan and completed in the end of 15th century; the calendar sheet and new statues of Apostles were were placed in 19th and 20th centuries
• Prague is a city in west central Czech Republic, the capital of the country; it is located in the central Bohemia region, situated on both sides of the Vltava River; its population is about 1.3 million
History :
• the settlement of Prague dates from the 9th century, when it was the site of several Bohemian castles
• the city began to grow in the 13th century with the establishment of German communities by Wenceslas I, king of Bohemia; the German colonists developed the city rapidly, building the Old Town as a trading centre in 1232 and, expanding to the southeast, establishing the New Town a century later; the key personality for expansion of Prague was the King Charles IV, who let build the Charles University in 1348 as the first in middle Europe
• Prague prospered as the capital of the powerful province of Bohemia and during the 14th century became the largest European city after Paris, in 1442 it was conquered by the Hussites and continued to grow in wealth and power
• it was much damaged during several wars, notably in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), in 1744 the city surrendered to Frederick II, king of Prussia, who, during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), defeated the Austrian forces at Prague
• in 1848, Prague was bombarded by Austrian troops to quell a Czech revolution, and in 1866 the city surrendered to Prussian forces during the Seven Weeks' War
• upon the establishment of the republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Prague became its capital; During World War II the city was occupied by German forces from March 1939 until May 1945 but escaped major damage
• the city was again the scene of turmoil when, in August 1968, Soviet troops invaded Prague and massive demonstrations ensued and also was the site of massive nonviolent demonstrations that led to the downfall of Czechoslovakia's Communist regime in 1989
• when the country divided into two republics on January 1, 1993, the city became capital of the independent Czech Republic
Cultural life
• the cultural life in Prague is wide and one can chose from several activities he would like to do - from going to opera or National Theatre to seeing a hockey or football match
• if you feel like to see some theatre performance of a high value, I recommend you to go to the National Theatre, situated on the right bank of Vltava; the interior is painted by famous Czech painters, e.g. Mikolas Ales, and you can see the best Czech actors casting in the most famous Czech and foreign plays; or if you would like to see some more informal performance, there are many possibilities where to go, but if you visit the Archa theatre, you will be satisfied; because many performances are in English, or even Czech ones are with English subtitle; and don’t worry to wear jeans, nobody gets mad
• if you would like to see some paintings or sculptures, you can visit the National Gallery in Prague, e.g. the collection of ancient art in Sternbersky palac on Hradcanske square 15
• from Prague museums I recommend the National museum on Venceslas square, where you can find paleontological, mineral or zoological collections, ancient history of Czech, Moravia and Silezia and scelets of many animals, including ancient man
• and if you admire classical music, there is not more prestigeous and honor place than the Rudolphinom on Alsovo sqare, on the bank of Vltava
• probably the most famous festival that is held every year is the classical music festival Prague spring, that begins every year on May 12th and ends on June 2nd; concerts can be seen in more concert halls in Prague, but it always begins with Dvorak’s Ma vlast in Rudolphinom; siniliar to this is Prague autumn, but is younger and not so famous
• I would recommend to everybody to see some performance on Krizikova fountain; this fountain is a little miracle of technology and it is wonderful that it was build so long ago; at recent days spectators can see spectacular performances full of colours, playing in warm summer nights on music by Queen, Vangelis or songs from world-reknown musicals
Municipal House of the Capital of Prague and Powder gate
• Municipal House was built on the place of former King’s court in 1905 to 1911 as a representative palace of the town in the style of Prague Art nouveau; the group of halls around the central Smetana Hall is decoratedby the works of the foremost artists of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; the Municipal House was the place of declaration of independent Czechoslovak stateon October 28th in 1918 and also the scene of negotiations of the representatives of Civic Forum , who after November 17th 1989 undertook the political powers
• the Powder Gate was constructed as a representative entry into the Old Town at King’s court by Matyas Rejsek in the 2nd half of 15th century in the Lately Gothic style; in the end of 19th century was renovated in the Neo-Gothic style by J. Mocker; the gate is 65m high and is decorated by stoneworks and sculptures
Vyšehrad
• the second seat of the Bohemian princes and kings of the Premyslides dynasty was founded in the 10th century; the original castle figured in romantic legends about the beginning of Prague and the Bohemian state; it contains Rotunda of St Martin, Chapter church of St Peter and Paul, the chapels of St Ludmila and of Virgin Mary in Walls, remnants of Gothic fortifications, a baroque fortress of the 17th century, a park with so called “devil’s Column and four statues depicting figures of Bohemian mythology by J. V. Myslbek; you can find there also Vysehrad Museum and a cemetery, where since the 19th century important personalities of the Czech nation have been buried
Old Town Hall
• was built probably in 1299 at the Big square (market place) as the seat of self-government of the Prague Old Town; the oldest part of the Town Hall complex was built in the High Gothic style and contains the tower, oriel chapel and rich coat of arms decorations; the astronomical clock was made before 1410 by Nicholas of Kadan and completed in the end of 15th century; the calendar sheet and new statues of Apostles were were placed in 19th and 20th centuries
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country lying in the Pacific Ocean; it consists of Northern and Southen island, separated by the Cook Strait , and small Stewart Island
• its area is 270,000 square kilometres, population 3,7 million and consists of 90% British and 10% Maori aborigines; the religions are about 50% Christianity, some sects (Mormons) and Maori religions
• Northern island - rather flat land, variet, low mts., plains, volcanos and geizirs
Southern island - high mts. - Southern Alps with the highest peak Mt. Cook (3740m)
Rivers - short; Waganui and Waikato
• New Zealand is a Parliamentary democracy, where the Head of State is a Governor-general, representing the monarch of Great Britain; Head of Government is a Prime minister; it has an Unicameral legislature - only ane chamber of the parliament, which is the House of Representatives (99 members)
• the capital is Wellington and other important cities are Auckland, Queenstown, Dunedin and Christchurch
• the languages spoken in NZ are English (similiar to British English) and Maori; some famous personalities are Hillary, Rutherford, Snell ...
• NZ is a rich agriculture country with important industry; the main agriculture products are wheat, vegetable, wool, meat, butter, milk and cheese and NZ is a big exporter of many kinds of food products
• the first people to settle NZ were the Polynesian tribes - the Maoris - in the 8th century
NZ was discovered by James Cook in 1769
Colonization began in the 19th century after the treaty of Waitagno, when the Maori chiefs acknowledged the sovereignity of the British Crown in return for the protection of their lands
However there were disputes between Maoris and British settlers over land ownership which led to war; it lasted about 10 years and by 1871 all Maori resistance was crushed
In 1907 NZ was granted the status of dominion
• Maoris are good in carving and making personal ornaments, e.g. necklesses, earings and amulets
New Zealand is an island country lying in the Pacific Ocean; it consists of Northern and Southen island, separated by the Cook Strait , and small Stewart Island
• its area is 270,000 square kilometres, population 3,7 million and consists of 90% British and 10% Maori aborigines; the religions are about 50% Christianity, some sects (Mormons) and Maori religions
• Northern island - rather flat land, variet, low mts., plains, volcanos and geizirs
Southern island - high mts. - Southern Alps with the highest peak Mt. Cook (3740m)
Rivers - short; Waganui and Waikato
• New Zealand is a Parliamentary democracy, where the Head of State is a Governor-general, representing the monarch of Great Britain; Head of Government is a Prime minister; it has an Unicameral legislature - only ane chamber of the parliament, which is the House of Representatives (99 members)
• the capital is Wellington and other important cities are Auckland, Queenstown, Dunedin and Christchurch
• the languages spoken in NZ are English (similiar to British English) and Maori; some famous personalities are Hillary, Rutherford, Snell ...
• NZ is a rich agriculture country with important industry; the main agriculture products are wheat, vegetable, wool, meat, butter, milk and cheese and NZ is a big exporter of many kinds of food products
• the first people to settle NZ were the Polynesian tribes - the Maoris - in the 8th century
NZ was discovered by James Cook in 1769
Colonization began in the 19th century after the treaty of Waitagno, when the Maori chiefs acknowledged the sovereignity of the British Crown in return for the protection of their lands
However there were disputes between Maoris and British settlers over land ownership which led to war; it lasted about 10 years and by 1871 all Maori resistance was crushed
In 1907 NZ was granted the status of dominion
• Maoris are good in carving and making personal ornaments, e.g. necklesses, earings and amulets
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